6 Written Questions

1. it could not serve as a permanent compromise between "sections": by requiring a bare majority to make commercial laws, the "five southern states (whose produce and Circumstances are totally different from that of the eight Northern and Eastern states) would be ruined."
2. Both sides claimed to be true spokesman for true republican values,
3. In state of nature, people are free, equal being that withhold natural rights.  Independent of government, they are rational and moral beings  Moral factor constrains individuals from being completely self involved and anarchical towards one another.  Equality and freedom: in the state of nature, subordination or superiority is non- existent and only when a group of people consent to give someone power over their livelihood, can this authority arise within society.  Influence in American Documents: natural laws, the social contract, and the right of revolution.  Maintain equality and liberty among men while promoting a government that applies to the majority opinion.
4. Purpose: To explain and justify separation from Britain to the colonists themselves.  Most people in the thirteen colonies were not yet inclined to separate from Britain (Tories).  To declare formally that the thirteen colonies were independent of Britain at such an early stage in the conflict was an extremely daring act engineered by a handful of men chosen by a handful of men in the various colonies.
5. The Constitution of the U.S. is known as the great Compromise between the Virginia and New Jersey Plans, ratified in 1788.  One house of a bicameral Congress would have "state equality" while the other was based on "proportional representation."  Virginia Plan: a scheme for a truly national government and strong national union. A new central government that had the power to overturn state laws.  New Jersey Plan: Congress would be given the power to tax and make binding requisitions on the states- but each state would keep just one vote in the unicameral legislature.
6.  Constitution‟s most active and eloquent critic.

6 Multiple Choice Questions

1. Invokes "Laws of Nature" and "Nature‟s God"- influence of Locke -The "self-evident" truths are truths about the state of nature and natural rights, which Jefferson claims are intuitively obvious to anyone rightly using his or her reason. -"Unalienable Rights" are simply natural rights: those universal rights humans possess in the state of nature or just by virtue of being human.  Describes rights and "unalienable"; declares "All men created equal."  Effortlessly shifts to a Social Contract Theory (Locke): Governments derive "...their just powers from the consent of the governed"- not from Natural or Divine Law.  Locke: "Right of revolution": the right to alter or abolish any government that no longer protects rights or expresses consent. But "governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes."
   1. Hamilton
   2. Federalists:
   3. Overview Of DoI
   4. George Mason
2. Descartes:Rousseau: Locke:
   1. masons objections
   2. Philosophical influences on the American Documents
   3. George Mason, house of representatives
   4. Federalists and Anti-Federalists
3. were based on republicanism: he thought the document built in measure to corrupt even virtuous men. He thought the new, powerful central government could easily fall into the hands of an oppressive aristocracy or even become a monarchy if a tyrannical chief executive, legally in control of the military, decided to remain in office.
   1. George Mason
   2. Hamilton
   3. masons objections
   4. bill of rights
4. Humans are not innately good nor innately bad (not a tabula rasa)  Humans have innate ideas and the capacity to reason.  All humans equal in capacity to reason.  Innate Ideas/ Declaration of Independence: -Jefferson used the self-evident truths. These rights are obvious because all humans understand them innately, and therefore they should be acknowledged in the form of government of the U.S.  Descartes: human diversity arises from our capacity to reason  Human independence arises from knowledge, and the differing beliefs need to be recognized as a right. (Federalist Paper 10)
   1. Hamilton
   2. Descartes:
   3. Locke:
   4. Federalists:
5. (Federalist paper 6): argue that the Articles of Confederation will not work and a stronger central government is required. Weakness: every state is a sovereign republic, and therefore there will only be strife and disunity. He argues against the assumption that republics, unlike monarchies, will not war against one another, showing that republics have behaved as badly as monarchies.
   1. Descartes:
   2. Federalists:
   3. Locke:
   4. Hamilton
6. For independence and starting a new government. They supported the constitution and wanted a strong central government.  Hamilton and Madison
   1. Hamilton
   2. Federalists:
   3. Descartes:
   4. Anti-Federalists:

6 True/False Question

1. George Mason, house of representatives → it could not serve as a permanent compromise between "sections": by requiring a bare majority to make commercial laws, the "five southern states (whose produce and Circumstances are totally different from that of the eight Northern and Eastern states) would be ruined."
   

   True        False

2. George Mason:lacking a constitutional council → it could not serve as a permanent compromise between "sections": by requiring a bare majority to make commercial laws, the "five southern states (whose produce and Circumstances are totally different from that of the eight Northern and Eastern states) would be ruined."
   

   True        False

3. bill of rights → The first ten amendments of the U.S. constitution.  Because of George Mason, the Bill of Rights was added and ratified to the constitution by 1791.  They have played a fundamental role as a character document of American rights and liberties.  Since the Bill of Rights was ratified there have only been seventeen amendments to the constitution.
   

   True        False

4. Anti-Federalists: → Against the Constitution and other U.S. documents.  Believed that the new constitutional order was a giant power grab by society‟s elite. They argued that, in order to survive, republics had to remain small- more like city-states.  They worried that the new government outlined in the Constitution would be too far away from most people to be trusted with its new, broad powers (e.g. House of representative divided up into 30,000 person districts, few citizens would know their elected officials, most of whom came from the wealthiest families) .  They preferred a nation of closely knit but independent states tied together only for defense and trade purposes. They saw in the Constitution the outlines of a new type of aristocracy, one that could legally impose heavy taxes and other burdens on distant, subjugated citizens.  They were far more concerned with centralized power and the potential for the creation of a new aristocracy.  George Mason
   

   True        False

5. George Mason:argued → the constitution lacked a written declaration of rights including liberty of conscience in religious matters, freedom of the press, and the right to trial by jury.
   

   True        False

6. Rousseau: → Human reason is what created inequality among men. Domestication has caused people to become unequal.  Man was born free: U.S. political system should be developed to embrace liberty  Rousseau: property led to the development of human competition, inequality, greed, pride, and power. Let to the need of government and laws.
   

   True        False