| Term | Definition |
|---|
| kinesiology is | the science of physcial activity |
| ACSM | american college of sports medicane |
| acute exercise | exercise right now |
| chronic exercise | exercise over a period of time |
| exercise physiology | how physiologic system respond to human movement |
| biomechanics | study of physical principles that underlying human motion |
| motor learning and control | how human movement is controlled (practice) |
| public health/ behavior | study of human behavior and community health related to movement |
| Science needs | Objectivity, and evidence |
| anecdotal | something that is said to work |
| observations | phenomenon to be explained |
| hypothesis | logical explanations |
| experiment | scientific study of verify hypothese |
| applied research | obvious apllications, answers research questions |
| basic research | acquire new knowledge, need to be developed before applied |
| performance continum | individuals at differenet levels |
| physical activity | any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that result in energy expenditure |
| exercise | planned structure and repetive bodily movements doen to improve or maintain one or more componets of physical fitness |
| skeletal muscle | 430 voluntary musles(we control)/ composition 75% water, 20% proteins(actin, myosin) 5% minerals (calcium, phosphors) |
| enzyme systems | energy conversion required enxymes, enzymes speeds the rate of reactions |
| glycolysis | converts glueclose to ATP/ converts free fatty acids |
| 2 factors determine which energy source used | supply of the source/ rate of conversion |
| type 1 | slow twitch (myglobin) red muscle fibers |
| type 2 a | fast twitch oxidative |
| type 2 b | fast twitch glycolytic/ white muscle fibers |
| Cardiovascular system | network responsible for converting tissue of body |
| pulmonary circut | lungs recieves 100% of blood flow |
| systamic circut | everywhere but lungs-blood is split into 3 |
| cardiac output | amount of blood pumped per min |
| stroke volume | amount of blood pumped out per each contraction of the heart |
| how much blood is in the body | 5 liters of blood in body |
| Vaso-constriction | reduce capacity of blood |
| Vaso-dialation | opening the capacity of blood |
| VO2 max | do not predict the performance but measures the aerobic capacity/ 12 breaths per min/ 1/2 liter of air in each breath/ Genetics 70-40%/ training 10-30% |
| Fasciles | bundels in the muscle/ 250 million muslce fibers in a pod |
| Muscle action | Concentric( shortening) least force |
| Eccentric | (lengthing) most force |
| isomentric | (tension with out change length) force against force |
| anaerobic | (with out oxygen) jumping and throwing |
| aerobic | (with oxygen) |
| Beta-oxidation | fats must go through process to gain oxygen/ converts free fatty acids |
| % from food | 20-30% of converstion from food and energy |
| 3 factors to overload performace | increasing, frequency, duration |
| Isometric exercise | little or not movement/ used in rehab/ train response to angle and muscle contraction |
| aerobic exercise training | 60-80% of heart rate/ fartlek and hollow sprints |
| muscle strenght | most gain in frist month, nervous system learning |
| amount of mitochonria | a person who trains has more mitochonria so oxygen can get to the muscle |
| mygolobin and hemoglobin | concentration increases with endurance exercise |
| endurance training | increased size of heart, more blood, oxygen, and increase of stroke volume and cardiac output which means mre blood in body |
| Detraining | 3 to 1 ratio |
| hypertrophy | muscle fibers increase in size |
| Energy comes from | carbs/ fat(get twice as much)/ proteins |
| 1 lb of fat | = 3500 calories |
| Active person diet | anarobic- requires sugar, gulclose , carbs |
| aerobic | use more fat during exercise |
| proteins | used for rebuild and repair |
| Starch Carbs | complex carbs found in vegetables grain, cereals, dired beans and peas |
| sugar carbs | broken down quickely, milk, sugar from fruit (naturally found sugar) |
| glucose | is a form of carb that is stored in glycogen |
| glycogen | liver and muscle |
| % of calories from carbs | 55-70% of total calories come from carbs (carbs gives you 1 to 2 hours of energy where fat last forever) |
| Fats | healthy body % is 20-25%/ unsaturated and saturated |
| Proteins | intake 10-15%/ used to repair and restore tissue/ the greater the intensity the more protein |
| Fluids | prevents fatigue/ spreads nutrients, removes wastes/ regulateds temp |
| Vitamins | increase of vitamins is neede when exercising |
| hemoglobin | oxygen transport |
| Zinc | important for tissue repair and metabolism |
| Calcium | important for bond density |
| Energy Balance | weight remains steadily if energy expanded=energy consumed/ weight gained stored as fat/ weight loss included protein from muscle energy in =muscle out/ muscle loss lowers metabloic rate |
| how energy is used | 10% thermogenic (eating)/ 15-30% exercise/ 60-70% resting |
| body fat | 30% is cultural/ 25% is genertic/ 45% is envionrment/ lifestyle |
| average body fat | men 15% and women 23% |
| underwater weighing | accuracy plus or minus 3 (body composition) |
| skin folds | accuracy plus or minus 7 (body composition) |
| Bioelectical | small current through body (body composistion) |
| DEXA | x-rays of body/ most accurate |
| exercise epidemiology | study of how disease develop |
| Benefits that influence | Intensity/ duration/ frequency |
| fit vs health | you can be fit and not healthy=> yes/ you can be healthy but not fit=> no/ fitness is a componet of health |
| Cholesterol | LDL(bad) HDL(good) tyriglycerides |
| Heart disease | 80% closure in veins |
| heart disease risks | high blood pressure,high cholesterol, smoking, family history |
| Lower chances of heart disease | exercise is important part to increase strength of heart |
| Secondary stress of heart | obesity, diabetes |
| high blood pressure | (hypertension) exercise reduces hypertension (cardio is the best) |
| systolic | contracting heart |
| diastolic | at rest heart |
| obesity | exercise increases metabolic rate/ lower intensity and high duration help the most |
| Diabetes | gluclose cannot be used by cells (exercise acts like insulin) |
| type 1 diabetes | body does not produce insulin |
| type 2 diabetes | body produces insulin but cells are resistant |
| Chronic obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | most common lung disease, bronchities, emphysems, asthma (non-reversable) 90% comes from smoking |
| Osteoproisis | bone disease (exercise can stimulate growth of bones) |
| cancer | normal cells are mutated( exercise may have a roll in treatment) |
| Immune system and exercise | humoral immune system/ cellular immune system (both are lymphocytes) |
| Total cholesterol | <200 LDL <100 HDL <46 Triglycerides <200 |
| evaporation | water is mainway of losing heat |
| increase of metabolic energy | is mainway to gain heat 70-80% |
| vasomotor control | body can regulate amount of heat by controlling skin blood flow |
| conduction | heat gain or loss through physical contact |
| convection | heat gain or loss through fluid or gas |
| radiation | heat gain or loss with out intervening medium (amount based on surface area, temp, emmisivity |
| evaporation | primary way to lose heat (change water to gas) only effective is water turns to vapor |
| Accumatization | become tolerated of conditions, allows early sweat onset, lower core temp, lower skin temp |
| muslce strength and endurance | key componets of health related fitness |
| aerobic endurance | major factor in endurance oriented sports |
| joint flexibility | women tend to be more flexiable in teen years |
| body compostion | changes throughout adolescence (women have more) |
| speed | highly related to genetic factors but improveable with training |
| musclar power | muscle mass and body fat major contributors following puberty |
| reaction time | improves throughout adolscence then plateaue |
| longitudinal | is same people over time |
| cross sectional | conducted at same time but different people that are hopefully similar |
Combine with other sets
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