| Term | Definition |
|---|
| physical activity/ public health | a large body of evidence has accumulated on the extent to which unhealthful behavior patterns are contributed to the chonric disease that are the leading causes of dealth and disability in industrialized nation |
| epidemiology | studies the distribution and etiology of dieases with the intention of using the results to inform population-wide prevention efforts |
| Epidemiology framework | 1) establish links between behaviors an health 2) develop methods for measureing the behavior 3)identify factors that influence the behavior 4) evaluate interventions to change the behavior 5) translate reasearach into practice |
| % of dealths saved by physical activity | Stoke 30% Diabetes 30% colon cancer 50% p-cancer 30% melomona 30% |
| perceptions and PA behavior | as people perception of the effort required to do perform physical activity increases, their participation in physical activity seems to decrease |
| physical activity | bodily movement that is produced by the contraction of skeletal muscle an that substantially increase energy expenditure |
| exercise | planned structure and repetive bodily movement one to improve or maintain one or more compontes of fitness |
| physical fitness | person ability to perform physical activity |
| active living | a way of life in which physical activity is valued an integrated into daily life |
| MET | metabolic equivalent= energy expended while resting usually calculate as the energy used to burn 3 to 4 milliliters of oxygen per kil of body weight |
| Kcal consumed | MET (x) body weight (/) 60 |
| moderate intensity | 3 to 6 mets (brisk walking) |
| Vigorous intensity | greater than 6 mets (jogging or running) |
| leisure time | PA engaged in during leisure time, including sports, fitnes activity, formal events, lifestyle PA |
| occupational PA | engaged in during activies associated with one occupation |
| 1978 PA recommendations | 3-5 times a week higher intensity for 15-60mins |
| 1990 Pa recommendations | 3-5 times a week higher/intneisty for 20 to 60 mins plus resistance |
| 1992 PA recommendations | physical inactivity-indpendent risk factor of heart disease |
| 1995 PA recommendations | resistance training at least 2 a week |
| 1996 PA recommendations | expen 150kcal to 1000kcal |
| 2002 PA recommendations | 60 to 90 min a day |
| 2005 PA recommendations | include physical activity |
| HASKELL | ages 18-65 need moderated intenstiy activity for min of 30min 5 days a week or vigours intensity activty for 20 min 3 days a week |
| currect recommendation for children | atleast 60 min of moderate intensity physical activity most days of the week |
| measures should be valid and reliable | if a variable or concept cannot be measured in a valid or reliable way the research is meaningless |
| dose-response | the amouont of medicane prescirbe for an illness is often referred to as a does the amount of activity you need to get health beneifts is sometimes referred to as an expercise presciption is measured in doses |
| benefits to PA | determind the relationship between PA and healthoutcome |
| benefits to Pa | deternub the amount or does of pa require to influence |
| benefits to PA | document the frequency and distribution of physical activity in defind populations |
| benefits to PA | identify the envionrmenal factors to influence physial activity |
| benefits to PA | evaluate programs to increase of physical activity |
| FITT | F-frequency: how often meansure as a time frame I-intensity: how hard T-type: what kind of activity t-time: how long |
| self report | a paper and pencil or interview administrered survey asking participants to report thier physical activity withina given time frame/ 7 day period/ 3 day period 2 weekdays and 1 weekend/ godin leausre time questionaire/ typical week survey |
| pros to self report | cheap and easy, accetalbe to respondent, generally nonreactive, predictors of health outcomes |
| cons to self report | can be subject to biases, reliablity varies |
| Diarys | log activity through out the day (no need for observation) (expensive) people change bevior because of the test |
| pedometers | count steps (lightweight) (does not charcter the type of movement or duration or time) |
| accelerometers | a small device worn by an individual that measures acceleration avtivity is estimated by downloading infomration into a computer and using equations to calculate energy expenditure |
| uniaxial | measure accleration in a single place |
| triaxial | measure acceleration in 3 demensions |
| pros of accelerometers | can provide min by min reports of movement |
| cons of accelerometers | expensive some activity cannot be assess like biking or weight lifting |
| heart rate monitors | a small device that records an indidiual heart rate at regula intervals and activity is estimated with predicitve equations can provide min by min data but can not distinguish what is light or moderate intensity activities |
| direct observation pros | it is accurate, little inference with rountine |
| direct obsercations cons | time consuming, expensive |
| double labeled water | gold standard, measure energy expenditure, requires that the participant ingest known amount of hydrogen and oxygen isotpes |
| indirect calorimety | measures energy expenditure from oxygen consumptions and carbon dioxide production by analyzing expired air (pros: short term energy expenditure) (cons: expensive) |
| % of adulta meeting recommendations | %5 of adults are meeting recommendations |
| who are more active | male are more than females/ older people are less active/ college grad have more physical activity |
| benefits of physical activity | 20% of adults over 20 are obese/ 50% of americans audlts dont get enought PA |
| stress and medical problems | 60-90% of medical problems are dealing with stress |
| stress reucing exercise | aerobic, non-competive, preictable, repetivite |
| thermogenic | changes in body temp and enhance mood state |
| monoamine | releast of postive |
| enrophin | release of natural opiates |
| distraction | takes mind off of stressors |
| Mastery | feel good about successful completion |
| exericse psychology | in concerned with the application of psycholgocal principles to the promotion and maintenance of lesire physical activity and the psycholcal and emotional consequences of leisure physical activity |
| theory | an explaination about why a bahaior or phenomenon occurs |
| perceived behavioral control | degree of personal control over the behavior in question |
| subject norm | degree in which the individual feel social pressure to perform the behavior |
| attitude | indidual postive or negative thoughts concerning the performacen of the bahavior |
| self efficacy | entent to which an individual feel they will be successsfull in perfomring and disired behavior given abilites they posses adn the situation in which they find themselves |
| past performace | degree of succes in prior attempts(promint form of self efficacy) |
| vicoarous experience | modeling viewing performance of similar individual |
| social persuations | just do it |
| physiology and affective states | how it makes you feel |
| pre-contemplaction | not on your radar |
| contemplation | intent to start in next 6 months |
| prepartion | start in immeditate future (next month) |
| actions | exercising at optimal level |
| maintance | staying active for 6 months or longer |
| experiential | change awareness or thoughts and feelings |
| consciousness | new information |
| enviornmental reevalution | cost of inactivity |
| dramtic relief | expressing feelings |
| social liberation | social factors supporting activity |
| behavioral | behaviors that change envrionment |
| self-liberation | tell someone you are doint it |
| countercondition | substitute activity for inactivity |
| stimulus | put exericse on calendar |
| reinforcement management | reward yourself |
| helping relationship | find a fitness buddy |
| core assumptions | the healthfulness of a situation and hte well being of indivudals are influence by multiple facets of the physical and social enviornment |
| arousal | degree of activation of the organs and mechanism that are under the control of the bodys autonomic nervous system |
| anexity | a subject feeling of apprehension and heighten physiological arounsal |
| stress | the non specific response of the body to any demand made upon it |
| coping | a process of constantly changing cognitive and behavioral effors to manage specify external and or internal demands or conflicts appraised as taxing or excedding ones response |
| mediation | foucs on an object |
| progressive relaxatoin | contract and relax |
| autogenic traning | warmth and heaviness |
| hypnosis | lower rational thining barriers |
| motivation | direction and intensity of ones effort |
| intrinsic motivation | motivation from within that is enhanced by feeling of self confidence and perceived competence |
| extrinsic motivation | motivation to engage in an activity as a mean to and end (lose weight) |
| direction | what ones seeks out, approaches or is attracted to |
| Intensity | howmuch effor a person puts forth in a particular situation |
| goal setting | is a congnitive theory of motivation the effectvely energized indivudals to become more productive |
| objective | attaining a certain standard or proficency on a task usually within a certain time period |
| subjective | gneral staments of intent (do my best) |
| outcome | foucus on competive resutls of an event |
| performace | foucs on achieveing certain standards |
| process | focus on actions needed to performace or exectue a performance |
| imagery | is a form of simulation using all the sense to re-create or creat an experiance in the mind |
| internal imagery | the execution of a skull form your own vantage point |
| external imagery | where you view yourself from the perspective of an outsider observer |
| self talk | the more man medication upon good htoughts the better will be his world of the world at large |
| thought stopping | stop negative thinking with a command or key word |
| centering | adjust attention and arousal by going to your core or center and internalising your thoughts process |
| intrapersonal | knowledge, skills, attitudes, behaviors of potential particpants |
| interpersonal | relationship with family members , friends co workes |
| organizational/insituaitonal | school or work place |
| community | envionrmental facotrs |
| policy or law | promotes positive or disourage negative actions |
| lack of time | find the slots aviality duringhte day and add activityes to dail rountine |
| social influence | talk and invite others to join |
| lack of energy | schenudal during the day in which you have the most energy |
| lack of will power | plan a head and join a group |
| physicall education person | has learned skills, is physically fit, praticipates in reg activity, knows benfits, vales physical acitivty as a part of the lifestyle |
| three Ds of urban planning | Density, Diversity, Design |
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