SOL info for midterm

Terms	Definitions
Africa Eurasia Australia the Americas	The Homosapiens migrated from _______ to __________, __________, and ___________.
hunter-gathers	Early humans got their food by being ______-________.
physical enviorment	Life for ther hunter-gathers was shaped by the _________ __________.
culture	Early humans were able to overcome the limits from the physical enviornment by the development of _______.
Nomadic, migrated for food, water, shelter Invented the first tools such as simple weapons Learned how to make and use fire Lived in clans Developed an oral language Created "cave art"	Characteristics of hunter-gathers in the Paleolithic Era or Old Stone Age were...
agriculture	The start of ________ was a major step in the advance of civilization.
Developed agriculture Domesticated animals Used advanced tools Made pottery Developed weaving skills	Characteristics of the Neolithic Era were...
human remains settlements fossils artifacts	Archaeologists can study culture from find and anazlyzing _______ _______, ________, ________, and ______.
carbon dating	Archaeologists use _______ ________ to analyze fossils and artifacts.
river valleys Fertile Crescent	In the New Stone Age, permanant settlements were in _______ ______ and aroung the _______ _________.
water soil protection	River valleys provided ______ and rich ______ for crops as well as _________ from invasion.
Tigris and Euphrates River Valleys	The two Mesopotamian civilizations are located at the...
Nile River Valley and Nile Delta	The two Egyptian civilizations are located at the...
Indus River Valley	The Indian civilization is located at the...
Huang He Valley	The Chinese civilization is located at the...
Hebrews	The _______ setteled in the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River Valley.
Phoenicians	The ________ settled along the Mediterranean coast.
Nubia	_______ was located on the upper Nile River.
River valleys	_______ _______ were the "Cradles of Civilization".
social political economic	Early civilizations made contibutions to _______, _________, and ________ progress.
pharohs	The hereditay ruler in Egypt was _______.
rigid class system slavery	Ancient river valley civilizations had a ______ _______ ______ where _______ was accepted.
government	Ancient river valley civilizations had the first centralized __________.
written	Ancient river valley civilizations had the first ________ laws.
metal	Ancient river valley civilizations used _______ tools and weapons.
agriculture surplus	Ancient river valley civilizations increased the ________ ________ because of better tools, plows, and irrigation.
rivers sea	Phoenicians had increasing trade on the _______ and _______.
cities	Ancient river valley civilizations are the world's first ______.
slavery	Ancient river valley civilization started the practice of ________.
religion	________ is a major part of life in all early civilizations.
polytheism	________ was practiced my most early civilizations.
monotheism	________ was practiced by Hebrews.
Hebrews	________ were the first people to become monotheists.
Abraham Moses Jerusalem	The orgins of Judaism are...
one	Judaism had the belief in _____ god(s)
Torah	_______ had the written records and beliefs of the Jews.
Ten Commandments	____ ________ states the moral and religious conduct of Jews.
Exile Diaspora	The spread of Judaism was helped by...
language writing	_______ and _______ were important in cultural innovations.
pictograms	________ is the earliest written symbols.
Hieroglyphics	_______ was the writing in Egypt.
Cuneiform	________ was the writing in Sumer.
Alphabet	_________ was the writing in Phonecia.
Persia	________ was on Central Aisa and Mesopotamiam civilizations had the largest empire in the world.
Zoroastrianism	__________ was the main Persian religion though other religions were tolerated.
Tolerance of conquered people Development of an imperial bureaucracy Construction of road system Practice of Zoroastrinism	Persins characteristic include...
there are two opposing forces in the unvierse	Zoroastrianism believed that...
geographical location	The spread of classical Indian civilization continued with little inturruption because of ________ _________.
Indo-Aryan	____-______ people created a caste system in India and blended their beliefs with the people that were originally from there.
Golden Age	During the _______ ____ of classical Indian culture, Indian people made many contributions to world civilization.
Physical (ex. the Himalayans, Hindu Kush, and Indian Ocean)	________ barriers made invasion difficult in India.
migration	Mountain passes in the Hindu Kush provided ___________ routes into India.
Ganges Indus	The _______ and _______ were the important rivers in ancient India.
Harappa Mohenjo-Daro	________ and _______-____ are the two main cities in ancient India.
dominance	Indo-Aryans migrated and made sure they had _________.
caste system	____ _______ was made by the Indo-Aryans and influenced all social interactions and choices of jobs.
unification	The Mauryan Empire continued political _________ of India.
Mauryan	The spread of Buddhism, free hospitals, veterinary clinics, and good roads were all durning the _________ Empire.
Gupta	The _______ Empire was during the Golden Age of India.
zero setting bones round Earth	The Gupta Emipre contributed to math (concept of ___), medical advances (______ _____), astronomy (concept of a _______ ______), new textiles and literature.
Hinduism	________ was an important contribution of classical India.
forms of one God reincarnation karma Vedas and Upanishads trade routes	Hinduism had the belief in many ______ of ____ _____, __________ (rebith based upon your karma), ______ (knowledge that all thoughts and actions result in future consequnces), ________ and ________ (sacred writings), spread along major ______ _____
Buddhism	________ was founded by Siddartha Gautama.
Asoka	Buddhism became a major faith when _______ sent missionaries all throughtout Asia.
Four Noble Truths Eight Fold Path to Enlightenment	Buddism says to accpet the _____ _____ ______ and follow the _________ _____ to ___________.
Huang He	Ancien China was centered at the ______ ___.
protection	The Great Wall of China was built for _________.
Shi Huangdi	___ ________ was in charge when the Great Wall of China was being built.
dynasty	The ruling of family in China was called ________.
Mandate of Heavan	China rulers served under the ________ of ________
Silk Road	The _____ ______ made trade and contact between China and other cultures.
North	China was invaded from the ______.
civil service system paper porcelain silk	Some contributions of Ancient China are...
good, not bad elders Code of Politeness education ancestor	Confucianosm believes that humans are ____, not ____, you should have respect for ______, you should follow the _____ of _________, they put an emphasis on ________, and had _______ worship.
humility life inner nature	Taoism believed in ________, people should have simple ______ and ______ peace, and you should have harmony with ________.
Confucianism Taoism	Yin and Yang represented opposited for ____________ and ________
Buddhism	Chinese form of ________ spread through Asia.
physical geography	The ________ _______ of the Aegean Basin shaped the economic, social, and political development of Greek civilization.
Hellenic	The expanision of Greek civilization led to the spread of _________ culture across the Mediterranean and Black sea.
Aegean Sea Bulkin and Peloponnesis peninsula, Europe and Asia Minor Mediterranean Sea Black Sea and Dardanelles straight Athens, Sparta, and Troy Macedonia	The Greek empire is near the...
agriculture commerce Hellenic barter to money	The economic and social development in Greece had ________, _______ and spread of _______ culture, shift from ______ to ________ economy
mountainous	_________ terrain both helped and didn't help the development of Greek city-states.
civic and commercial	Greek cities were designed to promote _____ and ________ life.
overpopulation arable (good for growing crops)	Colonization was used because of ________ and the search for ________ land.
polytheistic	Greek mythology was based on ________ religion that was integral to culture, politics, and art in ancient Greece.
phenomena qualities events	Greek mythology gave explinations of natural _______, human ______, and life _______.
Zeus	______ is the supreme Greek God.
Hera	______ is the Greek goddess of marriage, wife of Zeus, queen of Olympians.
Apollo	______ is the Greek god pf prophesy, music, and healing.
Artemis	_______ is the Greek virgin goddess of the hunt, helped with childbirth, and brought sudden death with arrows.
Athena	_______ is the Greek goddess of crafts and domestic arts, war, and wisdom and is the patron goddess of Athems. Her symbol is an owl.
Aphrodite	_______ is the Greek goddess of love, beauty, and fertility and is the protectoress of sailors.
democratic	Ancient Athens developed the most ______ system of government the world had ever seen.
decision making	Not everyone could particpate in _______ _______ in ancient Athens.
Athens Sparta	Contrasting philosophies of governement divided _________ (democracy) and ________ (oligarchy)
Citizens (free adult males)	______ had political rights and the responsiblity of cive participation in government in Greek polis'.
women foreigners slaves	_______, _______ and ________ had no political rights.
monarchy aristocracy tyranny democracy	The stages of evolution in Athenian government is _________, ________, _________, _________
Draco Solon	Tyrants who worked for reform in ancient Athens are...
Draco	______ was the tyrant who had the first written laws, his laws were very harsh and severe (died ig you broke the law)
Solon	______ was the tyrant who setteled fights over debit and credit, outlawed slavery for dept, and freed the dept slaves. Also changed the government so 2 riches held public office and all could sit in on assemblies that elected officals and had a court full of citizen jurors.
direct democracy public debate duties of the citizen	The orgin of democratic principles are...
oligarchy (rule by small group)	Sparta had _______ for a government.
rigid	Sparta had a ______ class system.
militaritic aggressive	Sparta had a _______ and _______ society.
Persian	The Greeks defeated the ______ empire and perserved their political independence.
Peloponnessian	Competition between Sparta and Athens for control of Greece cause the ____________ war.
Persian	The ________ wars united Athens and Sparta to figh the Persian Empire
Persian	Athenian victories over the Persians at Marathon and Salamis during the ______ war left Greeks in charge of the Aegean Sea.
government culture	After the Persian wars, Athens preserved its independence and continued innovations in ________ and _______.
Peloponnesian	The ________ war was cause because of competition for control over the Greek world, Athens and the Delian League and Sparta and the Peloponnesian League.
cultural political	The Peloponnesian war resulted in the slowing of _______ advance and the weakening of ________ power.
Athenian	______ culture during the classical era became one of the foundations of Western civilization.
Pericles	_____ extended democracy in ancient Greece, giving adult males an equal voice.
Athens	Pericles had ______ rebuilt after the Persian wars.
Aeschylus and Sophocles	_______ and _______ wrote dramas in ancient Greece.
Homer	_____ wrote poetry like Iliad and Odyssey.
Herodotus Thucydides	_______ and _______ were historians.
Phidias	_______ was a sculptor.
Doric Ionic Corinthian	The types of columns are _______, ______, and _______.
Archimedes Hippocrates	_______ and _______ were scientists.
Euclid Pythagoras	_______ and _______ were mathematicians.
Socrates Plato Aristotle	________, _______, and _______ were philosophers.
Macedonian	The ________ conquest of Greece came after the weakening of Greek defenses during the Peloponesian Wars.
Phillip II (King of Macedon)	______ __ conquered most of Greece
Alexander the Great	__________ ____ ______ established an empire from Greese to Egypt and India and extended Greek cultural influences.
Hellenistic	The blend of Greek and oriental elements is the _______ age.
trade	Hellenistic culture was spread through ______.
Rome	The ciry of _____ is located on the Italian peninula all around the Mediterranean.
sea Alps	The Italian peninsula is protected by the ____ and the arc of the ____ mountains.
polytheistic	Roman mythology is based upon a _______ religion that was integral to culture, politics, and art.
Greek	Roman mythology is based on ______ polytheistic religion.
phenomena human life	Roman mythology gives explanattions of natural _______, _______ qualities, and _____ events.
Jupiter	______ is one of the most powerful Roman gods, not afraid of anyone but his wife, Juno.
Juno	______ is Jupiter's wife and sister, the Roman queen, goddess of marriage, children, and the home.
Apollo	_______ is Jupiter's son and than Roman god of sun, light, and music.
Diana	_______ is the goddess of the hunt and Apollo's twin sister.
Minerva	________ is the Roman goddess of wisdom.
Venus	________ is the Roman Goddess of hearth and home, Juno's siter.
women aliens (non-Romans living in the Republic) slaves	_______, ________, and ________ were excluded from the Roman governing process.
Roman Republic	The ______ _______ was a representative democracy.
patricians	______ were powerful noblity but few in numbers.
plebians	______ was most of the population.
slaves	_______ were not based on race.
patricians plebians	_______ and _______ men were citzens.
foreigners	Selected _________ are citizens.
representative democracy assemblies the Senate consuls Laws of Rome or Twelve Tables	The democracy had many parts including...
Punic	The victory over Carthage in the _____ Wars helped Rome dominate the Mediterranean basin, leading to diffustion of Roman culture.
Rome and Carthage trade	During the Punic Wars, ______ and _______ were in competition for _____.
Hannibal	________ invaded the Italian peninsula.
Roman destruction trade and wealth	3 wars resulted in _______ victory, the _______ of Carthage, and expaned _______ and ______ for Rome.
Mediterranean	The _________ basin had Africa, Asia, and Europe.
Western	_______ Europe had Gaul and British Isles.

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