| Term | Definition |
|---|
| autonomic nervous system | regulates body temperature; coordinates cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, excretory and reporductive function |
| major divisions of ANS | sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| visceral receptors | origination of afferent pathways |
| visceral effector organs | this is what efferent pathways connect to |
| preganglionic neurons | visceral motor neurons in the CNS |
| ganglionic (postganglionic) neurons | neurons whose cell bodies are located in autonomic ganglia outside the CNS |
| sympathetic (thoracolumbar) division | "fight or flight" system of ANS; stimulates tissue metabolism, increases alertness, prepares body to deal with emergencies |
| parasympathetic (craniosacral) division | "rest and repose" system of ANS; conserves energy and promotes sedentary activities |
| effects of neurotransmitters | preganglionic terminals release ACh and are excitatory; postganglionic parasympathetic terminals release ACh and may be excitatory or inhibitory; postganglionic sympathetic terminals release NE and effects are usually excitatory |
| coughing reflex | medulla oblongata |
| adrenal medulla | cells in the sympathetic division that release NE and E into the circulation, causing a prolonged sympathetic innervation effect |
| sympathetic activation | during a crisis when an entire division responds |
| two classes of sympathetic receptors | alpha receptors and beta receptors |
| alpha receptors | respond to stimulation by depolarizing the membrane |
| beta receptors | respond to stimulation by changing metabolic activity of cells |
| acetylcholine | released by ALL preganglionic and postganglionic parasympathetic terminals |
| excitatory | effects of ALL preganglionic and MOST postganglionic sympathetic terminal |
| norepinephrine | released by MOST postganglionic sympathetic terminals and SOME postganglionic fibers |
| excitatory or inhibitory | effects of Postganglionic parasympathetic terminals |
| pelvic nerves | preganglionic fibers leaving the sacral segments |
| ACh receptor types at postsynaptic membranes | nicotonic and muscarinic receptors |
| nicotinic receptors | located on ganglion cells of both divisions in ANS and neuromuscular junctions |
| muscarinic receptors | located at neuroeffector junctions in the parasympathetic division and cholinergic neuroeffector junctions in the sympathetic division |
| dual innervation | organs that receive instructions from both divisions |
| esophageal achalasia | caused by the parasympathetic division involving excessive and irregular esophageal contraction |
Combine with other sets
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