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AFO Ankle-foot orthosis BRP bathroom privileges LNA Licensed nursing assistant OBRA Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 ROM range of motion abduction Movement away from the midline adduction Movement towards the midline ambulation the act of walking atrophy any weakening or degeneration (especially through lack of use) contracture The lack of joint mobility caused by abnormal shortening of a muscle deconditioning the loss of muscle strength from inactivity dorsiflexion raising the foot, pulling the toes toward theshin, bending of the foot or the toes upward extension act of stretching or straightening out a flexed limb external rotation turning the joint outward flexion act of bending a joint footdrop The foot falls down at the ankle; permanent plantar flexion hyperextension excessive straightening of a body part internal rotation turning the joint inward orthostatic hypotension abnormally low blood pressure when the person suddenly stands up; postural hypotension plantar flexion bends the foot downward at the ankle range of motion ROM movement of a joint to the extent possible without causing pain rotation turning the joint supination turning the palm or foot upward syncope the brief loss of consciousness caused by the decreased flow of blood to the brain; also known as fainting ALS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis CVA cerebrovascular accident JRA juvenile rheumatoid arthritis MS multiple sclerosis, morphine sulfate PVS Persistent vegetative state RA rheumatoid arthritis TBI traumatic brain injury TIA transient ischemic attack amputation partial or complete removal of an extremity due to trauma or circulatory disease arthritis inflammation of a joint or joints closed fracture broken bone with no open wound Compund fracture A fracture in which the broken end or ends of the bone have torn through the skin fracture a break in a bone Open fracture bone fracture that breaks through the skin paraplegia paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body hemiplegia paralysis of one side of the body quadriplegia paralysis of all four limbs Simple fracture bone is broken cleanly; the ends do not penetrate the skin tetraplegia paralysis of both arms and both legs; also known as quadriplegia pronation turning the joint downward Bedrest is order to: Reduce pain, reduce phyical activity, encourage rest, regain strength, and promote healing bedrest with commode privileges The person used the command for elimination Strict bedrest Everything is done for the person; no activity. bedrest with privileges (BRP) The person uses bathroom for elimination preventing orthostatic hypotension -Position the person in a Fowler's position -Help the person out of bed,to a chair or stand -Check person BP, respiration, and pusle with the person in a supine bed board A piece of wood that is placed under the mattress to provide extra support; helps to keep the person's body properly aligned by preventing the mattress from sagging. foot board devices used to prevent foot drop, a piece of wood or plastic placed at the end of the hospital bed and used for positioning the resident's feet trochanter roll padding placed onsides of legs and feet of a client in bed, to prevent abnormal outward rotation and related sequela. hip abduction wedges keep the hips abducted that placed between the person's legs handle or bandgrips To prevent contractures of thumbs, fingers, and wrist by foam rubber sponges, rubber balls, and fingers cushions. splints keeps elbows, wrists, digit joints, ankles in normal position. They are usually secured in place with Velcro. Bed Cradles keeps weight of top linens off the feet & toes Active range of motion movement of the joint controlled entirely by voluntary contraction-no assistance Passtive range of motion Someone moves the person Active -assistive range of motion patient does ROM with some assistance parkinson's disease A motor disorder characterized by difficulty in initiating movements, slowness, and rigidity, masked facial expressions, muscle tremors, poor balance, and a shuffling gait.Also increases with the onset of old age, the symptoms of the disease result from the neurons in the midbrain nucleus called the substantia nigra which (normally release dopamine), and the buildup of protein aggregates containing a-synuclein Multiple Sclerosis Lifelong chronic disease diagnosed primarily in young adults but affects three times more women and men. Progressive disease that causes destruction of the myelin in the spinal cord and brain, leading to sensory disorders and muscle weakness. Symptoms include numbness or pain on the skin, blurred/double vision, cognitive impairments, muscle weakness in the extremities, difficulty with coordination and balance, slurred speech, pee yourself, fatigue/depression. May be caused by autoimmune disease. Most important cells are lymphocytes, which break down the myelin, and then macrophages phagocytize the remains. (CC7.14;308) relapsing-remitting this is by far the most common type of MS (85%). where people have defined attacks of worsening neuro function and then go back to partial or complete remission. primary progressive Slow but steady worsening of disease from onset w/ NO remissions or relapses. Requires documented worsening over one year. -10% of patients. secondary progressive initial relapsing remitting MS suddenly begins and decline without period of remission which usually start with flare ups. progressive-relapsing Affects people with primary progressive MS. Flare-ups occur with new symptoms and more damage Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis a rapidly progressive neurological disease that attacks the nerve cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscles, and are unable to move arms, legs, and body.