Lesson 3 (Rome, Rise of Christianity, Rise of Islam)
About this set
Created by:
carpediem-stars on January 26, 2012
Subjects:
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
68 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 republic | a form of government in which the leader is not a monarch and certain citizens have the right to vote |
| patrician | one of Rome's wealthy landowners who became Rome's ruling class; one of two groups of citizens |
| plebeian | a number of the second and larger group of Roman citizens who were less wealthy landowners, merchants, and craftspeople |
| consul | an officer of the Roman Republic who ran the government and led the army into battle |
| praetor | an officer of the Roman Republic who was in charge of civil law |
| triumvirate | a government by three people of equal power |
| dictator | an absolute ruler |
| imperator | commander-in-cheif of the Roman army; a title given to Augustus by the Senate |
| paterfamilias | the dominate male in a Roman family |
| insulae | apartment blocks in Rome where the poor lived |
| procurator | a Roman official who directed the affairs of the province |
| New Testament | the second part of the Christian Bible |
| clergy | church leaders |
| laity | regular church members |
| plague | an epidemic disease |
| inflation | a rapid increase in prices |
| sheikh | the ruler of an Arab tribe |
| Quran | the holy scriptures of Islam |
| Islam | peace through submission to the will of Allah; the religion founded by Muhammad |
| Hijrah | the journey of Muhammad and his followers to Madinah |
| hajj | a pilgrimage to Mecca; one of the five pillars of Islam |
| shari'ah | a set of laws followed by Muslims |
| caliph | a successor to Muhammad or a ruler of Islam |
| jihad | "struggle in the way of God;" the Arabic customs of raiding one's enemies |
| Shiite | Muslims who accepted only the descendants of Ali as true caliphs |
| Sunni | Muslims who accepted only the descendants of the Umayyads as the true caliphs |
| vizier | prime minister who advised the caliph |
| sultan | "holder of power;" the title of the Turkish ruler who took command of the Arab empire |
| mosque | a Muslim temple or house of worship |
| bazaar | a covered market |
| dowry | in Islamic society, a gift of money or property given to a bride from the husband |
| astrolabe | an instrument used by sailors to determine their position by observing the stars and planets |
| minaret | a tower on a mosque |
| muezzin | a crier who calls the faithful to prayer |
| arabesque | geometric patterns that decorated Islamic works of art |
| Etruscans | group of people that launched a building program that turned Rome into a city |
| Vandals | German tribe that invaded the Roman Empire and sacked Rome in A.D. 455 |
| Theodosius the Great | made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire |
| Sadducees | group of Jewish leaders who favored cooperation with the Romans |
| Romulus Augustulus | deposed by the Germanic head of the army, marking the fall of the Western Roman Empire |
| Antony and Cleopatra | couple who committed suicide after being defeated by Octavian |
| Roman Senate | a select group of about three hundred patricians who served for life |
| Pax Romana | period of peace and prosperity that lasted almost a hundred years |
| Centuriate Assembly | a group of people in the Roman Republic who chose the consuls and praetors, and passed laws |
| Twelve Tables | Rome's first code of laws; it applied to Romans and non-Romans |
| Abbasids | replaced the Umayyad dynasty |
| Omar Khayyam | Muslim author known for his literary works, especially the Rubaiyat |
| Cordoba | with a population of two hundred thousand, it was Europe's second largest city after Constantinople |
| Pharisees | group of Jewish leaders who thought that closely following religious law would protect Jews from Roman influences |
| vizier | prime minister who advised the caliph |
| Aphrodite | Greek Goddess of Love, named Venus by the Romans |
| Virgil | most distinguished poet of the Augustan Age and author of the Aeneid |
| Mars | the Roman God of War, names Ares by the Greeks |
| Muhammad | prophet of Allah who believed the final revelations of Allah were being given to him |
| Juvenal | Roman poet who said the only things that concerned the Roman masses were "Bread and Circuses" |
| Circus Maximus | Roman arena where chariot races and gladiatorial shows took place |
| Hussein | led a revolt in the early Umayyad period that split Islam into two groups: the Shiites and the Sunnis |
| "fleets of the desert" | name for the Berber camel caravans |
| Edict of Milan | decree issued by Constantine that proclaimed the official tolerance of Christianity |
| Hannibal | Carthaginian general who crossed the Alps with 46,000 men, lots of horses, and 37 elephants and conquered some parts of Italy, but not Rome |
| Bedouins | nomadic Arabs in the desert who were among the first people to support Muhammad |
| Seljuk Turks | nomads from central Asia who replaced the Abbasids in 1055 |
| Sicily | became Rome's first province after the First Punic War |
| Zama | battle at which Hannibal's forces were finally defeated in 202 B.C. |
| Gracchus brothers | pushed for land reform as a remedy for Rome's economic and social crisis |
| Octavian/Augustus | Rome's first emperor who brought stability to the Roman Empire |
| Spartacus | led the most famous of the Roman slave revolts, which lasted for two years |
| Constantine | first Roman emperor to accept Christianity as his personal faith |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.