Ch. 5: Fats
Order by
30 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What is the chemical group of fats called? | Lipids |
| What are the 3 classifications of lipids? | Fats (triglycerides), phospholipids, sterols |
| What is the larges class of lipids? | Triglycerides (can be in the form of solid fats or oils) |
| What percentage of lipids in foods is in the form of triglycerides? | 95% |
| Can fats/lipids dissolve in water? | Nope |
| What are the main functions of lipids? | Energy source, palatability, satiety and satiation, food processing, organ protection, temperature regulation, and insulation. |
| T/F Fat is the densest form of stored energy in food in the body? | True |
| T/F Fat speeds up digestion. | False, fat slows digestion b/c of the hormones released in response to its presence in the GI tract, causing us to feel full and satisfied (satiety) |
| What is satiation? | Occurs during, not after, eating. Tends to increase our desire to eat additional fatty foods. |
| What is an emulsifier? | A substance that works by being soluble in water and fat at the same time. |
| What are fat-soluble nutrients? | Vitamins A, D, E, and K |
| What are essential fatty acids? (EFAs) | components of fat triglycerides, polyunsaturated fatty acids that cannot be made in the body and must be consumed in the diet, necessary for the production of prostaglandins (necessary for BP maintenance, blood clotting, gastric acid secretions, and muscle secretions) |
| What are some symptoms of EFA deficiencies? | Skin lesions and scaliness (eczema) caused by increased permeability -> membrane breakdown, also inflammation of epithelial tissue and increased susceptibility to infections |
| 1 lb of adipose tissue can produce how many kcals? | 3500 kcal of energy |
| What is adipose tissue? | storage depot for fat |
| What is myelin? | A substance composed largely of fatty tissue that covers nerve cells (provides electrical insulation that allows transmission of nerve impulses) |
| What is lecithin? | main phospholipids, carriers or transporters of lipids including fats and cholesterol in the body |
| What is the function of sterols? | Critical components of regulatory compounds in the body (vit. D, sex hormones, bile, brain cells, nerve tissue, etc.), not essential nutrients b/c the body produces it |
| What are triglycerides? | compounds consisting of 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol |
| What is hydrogenation? | artificial process of removing hydrogen atoms and attaching them to carbon atoms creating a saturated fat |
| What is a saturated fatty acid? | single bonded carbon chain that is fully saturated b/c hydrogen atoms are attached to all available bonding sites (found primarily in animals) |
| What is a monounsaturated fatty acid? | a carbon chain with only one unsaturated double bond |
| What is a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)? | a carbon chain with tow or more unsaturated double bonds |
| What is a phospholipid? | lipid compounds that form part of cell walls and act as a fat emulsifier, not essential nutrients |
| How are fats digested in the mouth? | Mastication and lingual lipase |
| How are fats digested in the stomach? | Peristalsis and gastric lipase |
| How are fats digested in the small intestine? | cholecytokinin (CCK) initiates the gallbladder to release bile into SI, bile emulsifies fats, mechanical digestion, pancreatic lipase |
| How are fats absorbed? | assisted by bile salts to villi of SI for absorption, micelles aid in diffusion through membrane wall, chylomicrons formed after absorption of lipids from food allow transfer into blood, hepatic portal vein, liver |
| How are fats metabolized? | Catabolism (breakdown) of lipids into acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) Anabolism (synthesis) of lipids (lipogenesis) results in the formation of triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol, and prostaglandins |
| Plaques | deposits of fatty substances including cholesterol that attach to arterial walls |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.