Geo: Sedimentary Rocks
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28 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Sedimentary Rocks | rocks formed through the accumulation of sediment. |
| Sediment | the material that has beent transported by a current. |
| 3 types of currents | water, wind, ice/glaciers. |
| Stratified | layered |
| Sedimentary Process | 1. Weathering 2. Transport 3. Deposition 4. Cementation |
| Weathering | have to break apart pre-existing rocks in order to transport them. |
| Transport | Move the sediment by a current. |
| Deposition | The sediment is deposited/piled into a basin. |
| Cementation | Then the particles are cemented together. |
| 2 categories of sediment | Detrital, Chemical. |
| Detrital Sedimentary Rocks | sediment derived from pre-existing rocks. Sediment is classified according to grain size. |
| detrital | made up of broken pieces and particles of pre-existing rocks and minerals. (clastic) |
| chemical | precipitated from solution. |
| clay | 0.004 and below |
| silt | 0.004 - .062 |
| sand | .062 - 2 mm |
| gravel | 2 mm and above |
| sandstone | sediment composed of sand diameter particles. |
| muddy river | has clay and silt in it. |
| conglomerate | composed of gravel. rounded clasts. Very high energy environment. |
| sandstone | composed of sand sized sediment. High energy environment. |
| siltstone | composed of silt sized sediment. Low energy environment. |
| Low energy environments | swamps, etc (anywhere with standing water) |
| shale | composed of clay sized sediment. Very low energy. Source rock for oil. |
| Chemical sedimentary rocks | formed by precipitation from water. |
| How are chemical sedimentary rocks classified? | Mineralogy (composition) |
| Limestone | formed in marine environments. Composed of dead marine organisms. Formed in the oceans. |
| Rock salt | composed of halite. Halite precipitates from evaporated sea water. |
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