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The second neuron in the autonomic motor pathway is called postganglionic neuron Autonomic plexuses include the cardiac plexus, pulmonary plexus, celiac plexus, renal plexus The sites of olfactory transduction are the olfactory hairs, which are cilia projecting from the dendrites of first-order neurons Olfactory sensations reach the brain via cranial nerve I The receptors on the tip of the tongue are most sensitive to none, the concept of the tongue map is outdated In order for a substance to be tasted, it must be dissolved in saliva Fungiform papillae contain gustatory cells The lacrimal apparatus produces tears Lacrimal fluid contains a protective bacterial enzyme called lysozyme Venous sinus (Canal of Schlemm) exits the eye through an opening in the sclera "Bloodshot eyes" are the result of dilation of blood vessels in the conjunctiva The function of the ciliary processes is to produce aqueous humor The lens is held in place by the suspensory ligaments Intraocular pressure is produced mainly by aqueous humor Nutrients are provided to the posterior surface of the retina by blood vessels in the darkly pigmented portion of the vascular tunic known as the choroid The retina is held in place by the vitreous body Photoreceptors are located in the retina The blind spot of the retina is so-called because there are no rods or cones there The central fovea is the area of highest visual acuity on the retina In the process of forming an image on the retina, convergence occurs to allow three-demensional image formation Which of the following occurs when trying to focus on a close object contraction of the ciliary muscle to make the lens more convex The four refracting media of the eye, listed in the sequence in which they refract light, are cornea (4), aqueous humor (3), lens (2), vitreous body (1) Which of the following lists the route of impulse transmission in the correct order photoreceptors, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract The auditory (Eustachian) tube connects the middle ear and the nasopharynx The ossicles are the major structures of the middle ear The middle ear is normally filled with air The role of the stapedius muscle is to limit vibration of the stapes Receptor potentials are produced when stereocilia bend against the tectorial membrane The primary function of the utricle and saccule is to monitor static equilibrium Which of the following sequences correctly traces the sound wave across the middle ear tympanic membrane (1), malleus (2), Incus (3), stapes (4), oval window (5) The endolymph filled ____ lies between the perilymph filled ____and the ____ separated by the ____ and ____ membranes respectively cochlear duct, scala vestibuli, scala tympani, basilar, vestibular The buffy coat of centrifuged blood consists mainly of white blood and platelets The most abundant of the plasma proteins are the albumins The total blood volume in an average adult is about 5 liters ALL of the following are important functions of plasma proteins EXCEPT transportation of oxygen The percentage of total blood volume occupied by RBCs is called the hematocrit Pluripotent stem cell produce all answers are correct "5 million per microliter" is a value falling within the normal adult range for the number of erthrocytes Erythropoietin is synthesized by the kidneys Oxygen is transported by red blood cells by binding the iron ion in the heme portion of hemoglobin The primary organs whose macrophages are responsible for phagocytizing worn-out red blood cells are the spleen and liver Agranular leukocytes that are phagocytic are the monocytes The most abundant of the leukocytes are the neutrophils The formed elements that are fragments of larger cells called megakaryocytes are thrombocytes When blood red cells wear out, the iron is saved and most of the remainder of the hemoglobin is also saved A clot in an unbroken vessel is called thrombosis So-called natural killer cells are a form of lymphocyte Type A blood has an isoantibody called agglutinin A Which of the following indicates a normal differential count in a healthy adult 65% neutrophils, 25% lymphocytes, 6% monocytes, 3% eosinophils, 1% basophils Type O is considered the theoretical universal donor because there are no A or B isoantigens on RBCs