DNA structure and Replication
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14 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Transformation | genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the direct uptake, of genetic material from its surroundings and taken up through the cell membrane |
| Bacteriophage | a virus that infects bacteria |
| Semi-Conservative | method of replication that implies that each new strand of DNA is half original and half new |
| Polymerization | a chemical process that combines several monomers to form a polymer or polymeric compound |
| Histone | protein molecule around which DNA is tightly coiled in chromatin |
| Telomere | Endcap of a strand of DNA |
| Telomerase | an enzyme in eukaryotic cells that can add telomeres to the ends of chromosomes after they divide |
| DNA Polymerase | an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of the DNA molecule |
| Template Strand | The DNA strand that provides the template for ordering the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript. |
| Primer | An already existing RNA chain bound to template DNA to which DNA nucleotides are added during DNA synthesis. |
| Primase | An enzyme that joins RNA nucleotides to make the primer. |
| Replication Fork | A Y-shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where new strands are growing. |
| Okazaki Fragments | Short fragments of DNA that are a result of the synthesis of the lagging strand during DNA replication. |
| DNA Ligase | an enzyme that eventually joins the sugar-phosphate backbones of the Okazaki fragments |
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