| Term | Definition |
|---|
| laceration | rip or tear |
| papule | firm, raised area (pimple, wart or elevated mole) |
| ulcer | sores with dead sin that don't go thru a normal healing process ( decubitis), craterlike lesion |
| vesicles | elevated, superficial, not into dermis (herpes zoster) |
| excoriations | scratches (scabies) |
| punctures | any kind of hole |
| avulsions | something that has been ripped off (ear or finger) |
| abrasions | scrape |
| incisions | cut, surgical wound, often made with a knife |
| pustule | vesciles filled with pus (impetigo, acne) |
| fissure | cracks (dry sin, athletes foot, cracks at mouth corner) |
| skin | largest organ, new layer every 28 days, heals quickly |
| accessory structures of integumentary system | hair, nails, some glands, some muscles, some nerves |
| skin functions | immune activity, endocrine and exocrine activity, protection of organs, temp regulation, sensory reception, vitamin d production, absorption |
| skin absorbs | gases, fat soluble vitamins (a, d, e, k), steroids,chemicals (plant resins, organic solvents, salts of heavy metals) |
| sense organ activity | sensory receptors for heat, cold, pain, touch, relay info to brain |
| 2 classifications of body membranes | epithelial and connective |
| serous membranes | found on surfaces of closed cavitites |
| 2 types serous membranes | parietal and visceral |
| parietal membranes | line walls of body cavities of thorax and abdomen |
| visceral mambranes | cover organs found in body cavities, lines lungs and specific abdominal organs |
| epithelial membrane functions | protect, secrete and absorb |
| pleura | parietal and visceral layers line walls of thoracic cavity and cover the lungs |
| peritneum | parietal and visceral layers line walls of abdominal cavity and cover the organs in that cavity |
| mucous membranes | line body surfaces that open directly to the exterior (nasal, tubes of digestive, respiratory, urinary and reproductive |
| cutaneous membrane | skin, 16% of body weight, primary organ of integumentary system |
| mucotaneous junction | point where skin and mucous meet, eyelids, nasal, anus vulva, no sweat glands |
| connective tissue memebrane | no epithelial components, produce synovial fluid, synovial membranes between joints and in lining of bursal sac, meninges cover spinal cord and brain |
| 2 types skin | thick and thin |
| thick skin | mm thick, hairless, thicker protective epidermis, areas of body having greater need to resist abrasion (palms, soles, fingertips), 4 or 5 layers called strata |
| thin skin | covers rest of body, has hair, thinner epidermis, 4 layers |
| 2 regions of skin | epidermis and dermis |
| hypodermis | subcutaneous layer of skin anchoring epidermis/dermis to underlying structure |
| epidermis | outermost, thinnest primary layer of skin, layers of strata, melanocytes, nails and pores |
| keratin | tough waterproof protein, hard keratin forms hair and nails |
| melanocytes | produce brown pigment melanin |
| how does epidermis receive nutrients? | by diffusion from underlying vessels |
| basement membrane | dermal/epidermal junction |
| dermis | contains blood vessels, sensory nerve receptors, pores, collagen |
| birthmarks | malformation of dermal blood vessels, (port wine stains, strawberry hemangiomas) |
| subcutaneous layer | aka superficial fascia or hypodermis, loose connective tissue, storage of adipose tissue, blood vessels suppy the skin |
| accessory structures of skin | hair, sweat, sebaceous, nails, sensory receptors |
| hairs/pili | protect nose, touch receptors, growth begins from hair papilla, embedded in the dermis |
| arrector pili | sooth muscle produces goose pimples |
| lanugo | soft hair of fetus and newborn |
| 3 parts of the nail | nail bed, nail body and free edge |
| lanula | crescent-shaped whitish area nearest root of nail |
| onycholysis | loss of nails |
| onychomycosis | nail fungus |
| 2 types sudoriferous glands | eccrine and apocrine |
| eccrine sweat gland | most numerous, produces sweat, duct opens onto the surface of the skin through sweat pore, assist in body heat regulation |
| apocrine sweat gland | found in axilla and around genitilia, duct opens into hair follicles, secrete thick, milky secretion |
| bromiodosis | stinky armpits, more oft in males cuz their glands are more active |
| ceruminous glands | modified sweat glands, located in external ear canal, secretes cerumen (earwax) |
| ceriminosis | excessive ear wax |
| sebaceous glands | secrete oil or sebum, inhibits growth of bacteria on skin, prevents water loss, secretion varies by age, regulated by sex hormones |
| sensory receptors | specialized nerve endings, skin acts as a sense organ relaying to brain sensations of touch, pain, temp and pressure |
| meissner corpuscle | capable of detecting surface touch |
| pacinian corpuscle | capable of detecting deep pressure |
| crust | scab |
| wheal | hives, raised, firm lesion with light center |
| macule | flat, discolored region, no shadow |
| partial thickness burns | 1st and 2nd degree |
| full thickness burns | 3rd and 4th degree |
| 1st degree burns | surface layers only, symtoms local only, minor discomfort, no blister or scar (mild sunburn) |
| erythema | redness |
| 2nd degree burn | involves deep epidermal layers, injury to upper layers, blisters, severe pain, fluid loss, no scar formation |
| 3rd degree burn | complete destruction of epidermis and dermis, involves underlying muscle and bone, destruction of nerve endings after injury, fluid loss big problem |
| 4th degree | complete destruction of epidermis, dermis, muscle and bone, intense pain, destruction of nerve endings |
| rule of nines | body divided into 11 areas fo 9-18%, 1% of body surface area around genitals, helps determine IV protocol |
| impetigo | bacterial infection caused by staph or strep |
| scabies | caused by itch mite |
| tinea | fungal infection, ringworm, athletes foot |
| warts | virus, direct contact |
| boils | furuncles, staphloccal infection, lg inflamed pustule, infected hair follicle or sebaceous gland |
| decubitius ulcers | pressure slows blood flow, bedsores |
| scleroderma | hard skin, autoimmune condition, localized and systemic |
| psoriasis | scaly placques, chronic inflammatory condition |
| eczema | chronic inflammatory, papules, vesicles,crusts, symptom of underlying condition, acute or chronic |
| basal cell carcinoma | most common, rarely metastasizes but invades tissue, grows slowly, ulcerated and forms crusts |
| squamous cell carcinoma | invasive tumor with potential metastasis, common in fair skinned white males, hard raised tumors |
| malignant melanoma | in a mole, most serious, death rate 25%, fastest increasing with most serious side effects |
| warning signs of malignant melanoma | A-asymetry B-border C-color D-diameter E-elevated |
| sunlight | most important causative factor in common skin cancers |
Combine with other sets
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