AP Biology Ch 6 Organelles of the Cell
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32 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Mitochondria | generates ATP |
| Cristae | membrane that is inside the powerhouse of the cell |
| Cisternal space | area between the cristae and the outer membrane |
| Chloroplast | carries out photosynthesis |
| Tonoplast | the cell wall of a vacuole |
| Lysosomes | contains enzymes that break down dead stuff inside the cell |
| Nuleolous | creates ribosomes |
| Golgi apparatus | packages materials for export |
| Plastid | general term for any organ with photosynthetic properties |
| Cis Face | receiving side of the Golgi |
| Trans face | shipping side of the Golgi |
| Vacuole | larger in plant cells, stores water |
| Cell membrane | selectively permeable, in animals plays a role in cell to cell communication |
| Cell wall | made of cellulose, maintains shape or size of the cell |
| Smooth ER | a. secrets lipids b. helps to break dow glycogen into glucose c. helps to detoxify drugs d. plays a role in Ca+ ions rushing back and forth across the smooth ER causing the muscle cell to contract |
| Peroxisome | use Hydrogen peroxide (H202) in a variety of ways, killing agent |
| Tight Junction | prevent leakage of fluids from internal space and space between cells |
| Gap Junction | plays role in cell to cell communication, only in animals |
| Plasmodesmata | a. opening between two adjacent plant cells b. plays a role in cell to cell communication c. allows hormones or other signaling molecules to move from cell to cell |
| Desmosomes | a. anchor one cell to the next b. contain the protein keratin c. often microfilaments from the cytoskeleton will attach to these things |
| Mircotubules | part of the cytoskeleton that can have vesicle travel on top like a "roller coaster" |
| Microfillaments | rods that help keep the matrix of the cell |
| Centrioles | comes from same region as cilia and flagella but does not have the 9+2 arrangement, plays role in mitosis |
| Contractile vacuoles | pumps out water |
| Centrosome | place of origin for microtubules, produces things with the 9+2 arrangement |
| 9+2 Arrangement | doublets which are arranged in a ring and singles are in the middle. "doublets" attach to one another with dyenin arms |
| Actin | a globular protein which is useful for the following reasons: a. allows for amoeboid movement b. allows for cytoplasmic streaming in plants c. plays a role in muscle contraction d. keeps cilia from doing a "cat-walk" like motion |
| Dyenin Arms | allow for the "catlike" movement of cilia and flagella |
| Endocytosis | --process in which something enters the cell a. pinocytosis - something small entering the cell = usually water b. phagocytosis - something large entering the cell = usually macromolecules |
| Exocytosis | process in which something leaves the cell |
| Myosin | allows for the muscle cell to "slide" back and forth |
| Sarcomere | unit of the muscle cell |
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