Milady's Esthetics Chapter 6 Basics of Chemistry
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Created by:
Bluv878 on January 28, 2012
Classes:
Standard Esthetics, Milady's Esthetics, Miladys Esthetic Study
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45 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Chemistry | The science that deals with the composition, structure, and properties of matter and with how matter changes under different conditions. |
| Organic Chemistry | The study of substances that contain carbon. |
| Inorganic Chemistry | The branch of chemistry dealing with compounds that do not contain carbon. |
| Matter | Any substance that occupies space and has mass weight. |
| Element | The simplest form of matter and cannot be broken down into a simpler substance without loss of identity. |
| Atoms | The structural units that make up elements. |
| Molecule | Formed by joining two or more atoms chemically. |
| Elemental molecules | Contain two or more atoms of the same element that are chemically united. |
| Compound Molecules | Chemical combinations of two or more atoms of different elements that are chemically united. |
| Physical Change | Change in the form of physical properties of a substance without a chemical reaction or formation of a new substance. |
| Solids | Definite size (volume) and a definite shape. |
| Liquids | Have a definite size (volume) but not a definite shape |
| Gases | Do not have a definite size (volume) or a definite shape. |
| Physical Properties | Those characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction and that do not cause a chemical change in the identity of the substance. |
| Chemical Properties | Those characteristics that can be determined only with a chemical reaction and that cause a chemical change in the identity of the substance. |
| Physical Change | A change in the form or physical properties of a substance without the formation of a new substance. |
| Chemical Change | Change in the chemical composition of a substance, in which a new substance or substances are formed having properties different from the original. |
| Physical Mixtures | Combination of two or more substances united physically, not chemically, without a fixed composition and in any proportion. |
| Hydrogen | Colorless, odorless, tasteless gas and its lightest element know. |
| oxygen | The most abundant element found on earth, colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. |
| Nitrogen | Colorless, gaseous mixture element, makes up about four fifths of the air in our atmosphere found chiefly in the form of ammonia and nitrates. |
| Air | Gaseous mixture that makes up the earth's atmosphere, one part oxygen and four parts ntirogen by volume. |
| Water | The most abundant of all substances, comprising about 75 percent of the earth's surface and about 65 percent of the human body. |
| Hydrogen peroxide | A chemical compound of hydrogen and oxygen, colorless liquid with a characteristic odor and a slightly acid taste. |
| PH | Potential hydrogen of a substance is its relative degree of acidity or alkalinity and is measured on a scale of 0 to 14. |
| Acid mantle | A protective barrier against certain forms of bacteria and microorganisms, may be a factor in the natural skin-shediing and renewal process. |
| Acid-Alkali Neutralization Reactions | When an acid is mixed with an akali, also called a base, in equal proportions to neutralize each other and form water (h2o) and a salt. |
| Oxidation-Reduction (redox) reactions | One of the most common types of chemical reactions, prevalent in all areas of chemistry. When oxygen is added to a substance, the substance is oxidized; for example, rust forms when oxygen is added to iron; |
| Redox | Acronym for reduction oxidation; chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced and the reducing agent is oxidized. |
| Redox reactions | Oxidation and reduction happening at the same time. |
| Combustion | The rapid oxidation of a substance, accompanied by the production of heat and light. |
| Antioxidants | Used to stabilize skin care products by preventing or retarding the oxidation that would otherwise cause a product to turn rancid and spoil. |
| Free Radical | Super oxidizers that cause an oxidation reaction and produce a new free radical in the process. |
| Oxidize | to combine or cause a substance to combine with oxygen. |
| Solution | Uniform mixtures of two ro more mutually mixable substance. |
| Solute | Any substance that is dissolved by a solvent to form a solution. |
| Solvent | Any substance that dissolves the solute to form a solution. |
| Miscible | Capable of being mixed with another liquid in any proportion without seperating. |
| Suspensions | Uniform mixtures of two or more substances. |
| Emulsions | Suspensions of an unstable mixture of two or more immiscible substances united with the aid of an emulsifier. |
| Surfactants | Used to emulsify oil and water to create an emulsion. |
| Hydrophiic | Capable of combining or attracting water. |
| Lipophilic | Having an affinity or attraction to fat and oils. |
| Oil-in-water emulsions | Droplets of oil are dispersed in water with the aid of an emulsifying agent. |
| Water-in-oil emulsions | Droplets of water dispersed in an oil. |
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