| Term | Definition |
|---|
| List the essential properties of life. | Self-preservation (staying alive), Self-regulation (control of life processes), Self-organization (forming, grouping, repairing body cells), Self-reproduction (making new life of the same kind). |
| Who suggested spontaneous generation? | Aristotle. |
| What does not involve the union of sex cells? | Asexual reproduction. |
| A person who studies cells and their structures is called... | A cytologist. |
| What's the function of the nucleus? | It controls all the activities of the cell and contains the genes(DNA). |
| What involves the union of an egg and sperm? | Sexual reproduction. |
| What are the stages of mitosis? | Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase. |
| What is an offspring called when it contains one dominant gene and one recessive gene? | A hybrid. |
| What is the fusion of two cells, one from each parent, that occurs during sexual reproduction? | Meiosis. |
| What is one difference between meiosis and mitosis? | During meiosis DNA is exchanged but during mitosis it's not. |
| Describe interphase. | The cell is carrying out its life functions and the DNA duplicates. |
| Describe prophase. | The chromatins coil up and condense into units called chromosomes. The centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell. |
| Describe metaphase. | The chromosomes line up across the middle of the cell. Then the duplicate chromosomes separate. |
| Describe anaphase. | The microtubules shorten, pulling the chromosomes toward opposite ends of the cell. |
| Describe telophase. | The duplicate chromosomes are now on opposite sides of the cell and a nuclear membrane forms around each group of chromosomes. The cell divides forming two daughter cells. |
| Identify 4 structures in an animal cell. | Mitochondria- Make food and energy. Nucleus- Controls activities of cell. Cell membrane- Actively regulates what enters and leaves cell. Cytoskeleton- Maintains shape of cell. |
| Identify 4 structures in a plant cell. | Cell wall- A protective barrier for the cell. Chloroplast- Convert light energy to food (photosynthesis). Golgi apparatus- Packages macromolecules for transport elswhere in the cell.Vacuole- Sac containing large amount of liquid. |
| Cell membrane | Covers entire cell. Holds cell together. Actively regulates what enters and leaves cell. |
| Nucleus | Central mass of cell. Controls activities of cell and contains genes. |
| Cytoplasm | Sticky substance holding parts of cell together. |
| Mitochondrion | The powerhouse of the cell. Where food energy is made in animal cell. |
| Ribosome | Tiny structures that manufacture proteins. |
| Cell wall | Thin layer consisting of cellulose. Outside cell membrane. |
| Chloroplast | Photosynthesis takes place. Semi-liquid traps light energy and converts it to chemical energy for the manufacture of food. |
| Vacuole | Sacs containing large quantities of water. |
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