US Unit 6 Reform, Expansion, & War
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MrSchild Teacher on January 28, 2012
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Description:
US History Unit 6 Reform, Expansion, and War
Classes:
US History, Mr. Schild's US History
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Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 recall | the right that enables voters to remove unsatisfactory elected officials from office. |
| referendum | the practice of letting voters accept or reject measures proposed by the legislature. |
| muckraker | Investigative journalists. Term coined by Teddy Roosevelt. Attempted to bring foul conditions of American industrial society to light. Tended toward sensationalistic exposés; rarely promoted specific solutions |
| political machine | an organization linked to a political party that often controlled local government. |
| imperialism | A government policy or action meant to exert power over another nation or territory. Usually involves military force; usually aimed at acquiring land. Can also be result of extensions of economic, political, or religious power |
| propaganda | information, ideas, or rumors deliberately spread widely to help or harm a person, group, movement, institution, nation, etc. |
| mobilization | the process of assembling troops and supplies and making them ready for war |
| reparations | payment for damages after a war |
| alliance system | A formal agreement between two or more nations or powers to cooperate and come to each others' defense |
| Maine | U.S. battleship Maine exploded in harbor in Havana, Cuba, killing 266 crewmen, 15 February 1898. Without evidence, U.S. Navy announced that Spanish mine caused the explosion. Press coverage of the incident fueled popular cries in U.S. for war against Spain |
| William Tweed | Boss of New York City's Tammany Hall political machine. Ran "Tweed Ring" of associates, which embezzled between $20 and $200 million. Arrested in 1871, escaped to Cuba and then Spain before being hunted down by US agents |
| Susan B. Anthony | an American social activist/reformer who campaigned for women's rights, the temperance, and was an abolitionist, helped form the National Woman Suffrage Association |
| Theodore Roosevelt | Progressive Republican President of the United States, 1901-1909. Most popular political leader of early 20th century. Promised to regulate big business and bust trusts. Stepped down voluntarily in 1909, then ran again for presidency in 1912 on Progressive Party ticket but lost to Woodrow Wilson |
| Upton Sinclair | Muckraking novelist, author of The Jungle, 1906. Intended book to spread socialist message about mistreatment of workers in Chicago' meatpacking industry. Readers instead horrified by mistreatment of meat |
| William Howard Taft | Republican President of the United States, 1909-1913. Administration had both Progressive and conservative tendencies. Roosevelt's hand-picked successor, but not as charismatic or effective. Won Republication nomination for re-election in 1912 but finished behind both Democrat Woodrow Wilson and Roosevelt (running on Progressive Party ticket) in general election |
| William McKinley | Republican President of the United States, 1897-1901 who was assassinated in 1901 by a radical political anarchist. Vice President Theodore Roosevelt became president after his assassination. McKinley was president during the Spanish-American War. |
| Franz Ferdinand | archduke, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, assassinated by Serbian nationalist |
| John J. Pershing | Commanding general of U.S. Army during WWI. Had nearly 2 million men under his command by the end of the war. Refused to allow his soldiers to enter the line before they were properly trained, thus credited with saving many American lives |
| Woodrow Wilson | Progressive Democratic President of the United States, 1913-1921. Defeated Taft and Roosevelt to win presidency; pledged to keep America out of WWI during his 1916 reelection campaign. Then asked Congress for a declaration of war against Germany in spring 1917. Authored the Fourteen Points, which advocated for human rights and self-determination for all nations. Failed to gain Congress's ratification of the Treaty of Versailles, meaning U.S. failed to join League of Nations |
| Henry Cabot Lodge | Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he was a leader in the fight against participation in the League of Nations |
| Interstate Commerce Act | Progressive legislators wrote this law meant to control/regulate the railroad industry by creating the Commerce Commission which made sure "reasonable and just" rates used. The law was passed in 1887 by Congress in Washington DC, but it affected the entire railroad industry across America. This law is the first government attempt to regulate businesses to better serve the American people. |
| Square Deal | President Theodore Roosevelt's domestic plan that sought to provide all Americans with equal opportunity through conservation of our natural resources, control corporations' influence, and protected consumers. Roosevelt's plan was implemented during his two terms as president between 1901 and 1909 while his plan affected all Americans across the entire nation. Roosevelt's plan created programs and policies that protected all Americans making it possible for an equal share of opportunity. |
| Treaty of Versailles | The officially end of WWI between Germany and the Allied Powers that included several important details:Germany accepts blame for war, Germany was pay reparations to allies, Germany must disarm, League of Nations in created, and etc. The treaty was signed on June 28, 1919 in the city of Versailles, France. The treaty punishes Germany severely for its involvement and is a leading cause of future conflict in WWII. |
| Spanish-American War | War fought in 1898 between the US and Spain in Cuba and the Philippines. Teddy Roosevelt and his Rough Riders fought in the battle of San Juan Hill. Resulted in Cuba's independence as well as the US annexing Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. |
| Panama Canal | a ship canal 40 miles long across the Isthmus of Panama built by the United States (1904-1914), Theodore Roosevelt push for the creation of the canal. |
| 19th Amendment | Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1920) extended the right to vote to women in federal or state elections. |
| Assassination of Archduke | The heir to the Austrian-Hungarian throne was assassinated in Sarejevo, Bosnia on June 28, 1914. Gavrilo Princip, a Serb fanatic wanted Serbia to become an independent nation separated from the Austrian-Hungarian Empire. The assassination provoked a mobilization crisis of the alliance system, leading to WWI. |
| Lusitania | a British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat on May 7, 1915. 128 Americans died. The sinking greatly turned American opinion against the Germans, helping the move towards entering the war. |
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