Atoms, Periodic Tables & Nuclear Chemistry Vocabulary
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Created by:
montgomeryomar on January 29, 2012
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26 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Nucleus | the positively charged dense center of an atom |
| Proton | a subatomic particle that has a positive charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom |
| Neutron | a subatomic particle that has no charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom |
| Electron | an elementary particle with negative charge |
| Valence Electron | an electron in the outer shell of an atom which can combine with other atoms to form molecules |
| Group | a vertical column of elements in the periodic table; elements in a group share chemical properties |
| Ion | a particle that is electrically charged (positive or negative) |
| Atomic Number | number of protons |
| Mass Number | the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom |
| Isotope | one of two or more atoms with the same atomic number but with different numbers of neutrons |
| Metal | any of several chemical elements that are usually shiny solids that conduct heat or electricity and can be formed into sheets etc. |
| NonMetal | an element that conducts heat and electricity poorly |
| SemiConductor | an element that can conduct electricity under some conditions |
| Halogen | an element found in group 17 of the periodic table |
| NobleGas | an element in Group 8A of the periodic table; the s and p sublevels of the highest occupied energy level are filled |
| Mole | the molecular weight of a substance expressed in grams |
| Avogadro's Constant | number of particles in one mole; 6.022 times 10 to the 23 power |
| Molar Mass | the mass of one mole of a pure substance |
| Alpha Particle | a positively charged particle that is the nucleus of the helium atom |
| Beta Particle | a high-speed electron or positron emitted in the decay of a radioactive isotope |
| Fisson | is the processof using a neutron to split a heavy nucleus into two nuclei with smaller mass numbers |
| Fusion | the state of being combined into one body |
| Gamma Ray | the high-energy photon emitted by a nucleus during fission and radioactive decay. |
| Half-Life | the time required for one half of the atoms of a radioisotope to emit radiation an decay products |
| Nuclear Chain Reaction | A continuous series of nuclear fission reactions. |
| Radioactivity | the spontaneous emission of radiation by an unstable atomic nucleus |
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