DNA
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26 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 nucleic acids | DNA, RNA |
| 3 types of RNA | messenger, transfer, ribosomal |
| nucleotides (5) | adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine, uracil |
| DNA | AT |
| RNA | AU |
| 3 parts of nucleic acids | pentose sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base |
| DNA and RNA | 5 pentose sugar, deoxyribose |
| each nucleotide has | 1 of 4 nitrogenous bases |
| DNA nitrogenous bases (4) | cytosine, guanine, adenine, thymine |
| RNA nitrogenous bases (4) | cytosine, guanine, adenine, uracil |
| DNA | double stranded molecule |
| RNA | single stranded molecule |
| DNA structure (2) | double stranded, covalent bond between phosphate and sugar |
| DNA strands 1 | held together by hydrogen bonding between complimentary base pairs |
| DNA strands 2 | anti parallel |
| DNA replication purpose | make copies to prepare for cell division |
| cell division occurs | synthesis phase of interphase |
| present during replication (2) | enzymes - helicase and DNA polymerase, free nucleotides |
| DNA replication step 1 | helicase breaks hydrogen bonds between base pairs - two single strands of DNA, unpaired nucleotides are a template |
| DNA replication step 2 | free-floating nucleotide finds partner on one open strand, second nucleotide joins first, etc |
| DNA replication step 3 | DNA polymerase catalyzes the formation of a covalent bond between the two nucleotides |
| DNA replication step 4 | other DNA polymerases proofreed each nucleotide against template, make corrections if needed |
| error rate before proofreading | 1 in 100,000 |
| error rate after proofreading | 1 in ten billion |
| new strands are identical | complementary base pairing |
| semi-conservative | after replication, DNA contains one old and one new strand |
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