AP Psychology 9: Child Development
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Created by:
justinmadison on January 29, 2012
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48 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Developmental Psychology | a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span. |
| Continuity Model | The model proposing that development involves quantitative changes that occur in small steps over time |
| Discontinuity Model | The model proposing that development progresses in discrete stages that involve abrupt, qualitative changes in cognitive ability and ways of interacting with the world |
| Longitudinal Method | a type of research in which the same people are studied over a long time period |
| Cross-Sectional Method | a method of research that looks at different age groups at the same time in order to understand changes that occur during the life span |
| Cohort Effect | differences between age groups as a function of historical or social influences affecting those groups rather than age per se |
| Sperm | The male reproductive cell |
| Ovum | An egg cell (pl: ova) |
| Ovulation | The release of an ovum from an ovary |
| Fallopian Tubes | A straw-like tube between the ovary and the uterus through which an ovum passes after ovulation |
| Fertilization | The union of a sperm and ovum during sexual reproduction |
| Zygote | A fertilized egg cell |
| Germinal stage | Fertilization to implantation in the uterus |
| Uterus | The female reproductive organ in which a fertilized egg becomes implanted and develops to term |
| Embryonic stage | Implantation to 8th week of pregnancy |
| Embryo | The developing organism at an early stage of prenatal development (organs forming) |
| Neural Tube | The area in the embryo from which the nervous system develops |
| Amniotic Sac | The uterine sac that contains the fetus |
| Placenta | The organ that provides for the exchange of nutrients and waste materials between mother and fetus |
| Fetal stage | 9th week to birth (9 months) |
| Fetus | The developing organism in the later stages of prenatal development |
| Spina Bifida | A neural tube defect in which the child is born with a hole in the tube surrounding the spinal cord |
| Teratogens | An environmental influence or agent that may harm the developing fetus such as Infectious diseases, Smoking, Alcohol and Drugs |
| Rubella | A common childhood disease that can lead to serious birth defects if contracted by a mother during pregnancy |
| Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) | The sudden and unexplained death of infants that usually occurs when they are asleep in their cribs |
| Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) | A syndrome caused by maternal use of alcohol during pregnancy in which the child shows developmental delays and facial deformities |
| Down Syndrome | A chromosomal disorder characterized by mental retardation and certain facial abnormalities |
| Amniocentesis | A technique for diagnosing fetal abnormalities involving examination of extracted fetal cells |
| Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) | A technique of detecting fetal abnormalities by examination of the Chorion |
| Ultrasound imaging | A technique for using high pitched sound waves to form an image of the fetus |
| Rooting reflex | Turn in direction of cheek touch |
| Eyeblink reflex | Reflexive blinking to bright light / foreign objects |
| Sucking reflex | Response to stimulation of tongue/mouth |
| Moro reflex | Sudden noise or loss of support = extend arms, arch back, brings arms together |
| Palmar grasp reflex | Reflexive curling of fingers when object touches palm |
| Babinski reflex | Reflexive fanning out and curling of toes when foot is stroked |
| Maturation | The biological unfolding of an organism according to its genetic code: Birth through adulthood |
| Temperament | A characteristic style of behavior or disposition |
| Attachment | The enduring emotional bond between children and caregivers. |
| Internal Working Models | Generalized expectations, developed in early childhood, about how others are likely to respond in close relationships (Bowlby) |
| Schema | Mental framework for understanding |
| Adaptation | The process of adjustment that enables people to function more effectively with their environment |
| Assimilation | Adding new objects to existing schema |
| Accommodation | Creating new schema |
| Egocentric thinking | Only being able to see the world from one's own perspective |
| Animistic thinking | Inanimate objects have living qualities |
| Irreversibility | Unable to reduce objects to their starting point |
| Centration | Only able to focus on one aspect of an object at a time |
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