| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Act V formula | synthesis X = A + B + C... |
| Hellenistic synthesis formula | Hellenistic Synthesis = Greek+Persian+Egyptian+Indian(?) |
| imperialism | empire building |
| characteristics of an empire | big, centralized government, powerful military force, pluralistic |
| Evaluating Political Strength of an Empire | strong ruler, legitimacy, laws, people obey gov't, loyal officials, structure, organization, succession system |
| Evaluating Military Strength of an Empire | used to: expand borders, keep order, protect, defend, force obedience, cant abuse pop., well-armed, disiplined, loyal to emperor |
| Evaluating Economic Strength of an Empire | taxes, corvee, agriculture, conquest, trade, common currency |
| Evaluating Societal Strength of an empire | cultural pluralism, obedient subjects, unity encouraged, same language, same relig. beliefs |
| The Persian Empire Political Strength | succession based on hered. monarch., emperors had total control, devine kingship, divided into satrapies (states), local rulers are loyal to emperor |
| satrapies | states in Persian Empire |
| Satrap | governors in Persian Empire |
| The Persian Empire Military Strength | most powerful, adv., military in history, 250,000 men, conscripts |
| The Persian Empire Economic Strength | canal (Med. to Red), Royal Road, trade was encouraged, currency |
| The Persian Empire Societal Strength | pluralistic |
| polis | sov. Greek city-states (independent competition) |
| Greece | no single unifying ruler, city-states, sovereign gov'ts/democracy, citizens have say in gov't/rights |
| Persian Wars | 490 and 480 BCE - Greeks won ("free men with a stake in their society would always win against tyrannies"), proved that democracy worked, gave Greeks confidence |
| Pericles | leader of Athens, responsible for Golden Age |
| Herodotus belief | free man with stake in society would win over tyrannies |
| Athens defeat in Peloponesian War | 431-404 BCE - democracy experiment fails in Greece |
| Socrates, Plato, Aristottle | (philosophers) laid foundation of west. phil. tradition |
| Socrates | asking questions as a teaching method, claimed not to know anything, forces student to think for themselves |
| Plato | theory of ideas, reason, allegory of the cave |
| Hellenes | Greeks |
| hellenization | greekification of Alexanders world |
| Hellas | Greece |
| Alexander the Great | (356-323 BCE) king of Macedonia at 20 yrsold, loved Illiad, fan of Greek culture, ambitious, educated, egomaniac, strong military leader, conquered Persian Empire, responsible for helenization of empire, adapted diverse practices from other cultures |
| Cynicism | similar to ascetism |
| Hedonism | seeking pleasure |
| Skeptism | nothing can be known for sure, monism, (similar to Doc. of Maybe) |
| Stoicism | abscence/control of passions, "non-attachment", reason controls passion |
| Epicureanism | no gods, use reason but avoid pain, try to pleasure |
| Hell. Synth. - Greek | woman had no political power, Greek language = official lang., Greek currency, philosiphies, higher status' for Greeks, Greek architecture, religion |
| Hell. Synth, - Persian | divine kingship, hereditary monarchy, dynasties, slavery, law/courts, military |
| Hell. Synth - Egypt | divine kingship, dynasties, religious "cult of Isis" |
| Hell. Synth - Indian (?) | possible philosophical influence |
| Mauryan Empire | (322- 184 BCE) massive land based empire, Mauryan rulers engaged in wars of conquest |
| Chandragupta Maurya | (322-301 BCE) military conquest |
| Ashoka Maurya | (269 - 228 BCE) moral conquest |
| The Hindu Trinity | 3 most imp. gods in Hindu pantheon (Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva) |
| 4 Goals | dharma (duty), artha (survival), kama (pleasure), moksha (enlightenment) - all 4 are acceptable goals in life, something for everyone |
| 4 stages | student, householder, going to the forest (seeker), Wandering Holy Man |
| The Hindu Synthesis | Brahminism + Buddhism + asceticism (Janism) + Harrapan Civ. (?) |
| Hundu Synth - Brahmins | Brahman, karma, darma, moksha, samsara, gods "Hindu Trinity", caste |
| Brahman | universal soul |
| Bhagavad-Gita | "Song of the Lord" - important work of Hindu scripture, a Hindu "gospel" |
| yoga | method to acheive moksha |
| 4 Yogas | dharma, knowledge, karma (yoga of Holy Indifference), bhakti (Yoga of Devotion) |
| Hindu Synth - Buddhism | Middle Way (artha, dharma), nirvana (enlightenment) is open to all, can be had now, de-emph. of caste |
| Hindu Synth - Ascetism | Doc. of Maybe - tolerent of diff. beliefs, 4 goals/4stages, ahimsa/vegetarianism |
| ahimsa | all life is sacred b/c everythin has a jiva |
| Hindu Synth - Harrapan Civ (?) | ritual purity? bathing? yoga? sacred cow? |
| synthesis | merging together of many different beliefs and customs |
| corvee | a form of taxation in which people must leave their homes to work on a large building project in the empire |
| arete | bravery in battle and fearlessness |
| Sophists | a new group of philosophers that developed in the beginning of the 5th century that studied people as individuals |
| hubris | excessive pride |
| the Delian League | an defense organization started by Athens for city-states |
| Peloponnesian League | an organization of Sparta and its allies who felt threatened by Athen's growing power |
| The Hellenistic Age | the time between Alexander's death 323 B.C.E and the beginning of the Roman empire 27 B.C.E |
| quaestor | financial officials |
| censors | people who registered inhabitants by wealth and detirmined taxes |
| aediles | public works officials |
| Canuelian law | allowed intermarriage |
| centuriate assembly | assembly of citizen soldiers |
| tribune | 10 officials who attended the Senate and could veto any law |
| praetor | in judicial branch; one year term; chosen by centuriate |
| Roman Empire dates | 27BCE-476CE |
| Han Empire dates | 206BCE-221CE |
| Roman Republic Dates | 509-27BCE |
Combine with other sets
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