unit 1 terms colonial and american revolution
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37 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Navigation Acts | British trade laws enacted to regulate colonial commerce by requiring colonists to trade using British ships |
| French and Indian War | War fought in 1753-1763 in which Britain & its colonies defeated the allied French and Indians; Britain gains control of Eastern North America; called the Seven Year's War in Europe |
| Salutary Neglect | British policy in the early 1700s that allowed the colonies virtual selg-rule as long as Britain was gaining economically |
| Boston massacre | March 1770- 5 colonists are shot by British guards after taunting them with rocks and snowballs |
| Boston Tea Party | Boston patriots dressed up as Natives and dumped 342 crates of tea into the Boston harbor in protest to the Tea Act; Parliment passed the Intolerable (Coercive) Acts in response to punish the colonists |
| Stamp Act | Direct tax on printed materials including newspapers, books, court documents, contracts and land deeds |
| Quartering Act | Required colonists to provide housing and supplies for British troops stationed in the colonies |
| Townshend (Declaratory) Acts | Tax places on common products impeted into the colonies, such as lead, tea, paper etc. Reaffirmed the Writs of Assistance which allows official to search any person or place |
| Intolerable (Coercive) Acts | Cut off trade in Boston harbor, increased he power of the royal govenor, issued martial law in Boston, colonists forced to house (quarter) soldiers; Written in response to the Boston Tea Party |
| Loyalist | person in the colonies who is loyal to and doesn't want to break away from England |
| Patriot | person in the colonies who wanted independence from England |
| No taxation without representation | quote that meant the colonists believed they shouldn't have to pay taxes if they don't get a say in where they go |
| Albany Plant of the Union | Plan proposed in 1754 to unite the colonies under a more centralised government |
| Sons of Liberty | Association formed by Patriots in the colonies to lead colonial protests against the British; led by Samuel Adams |
| Committees of Correspondence | oranization that developed a sustem of communication between Patriot leaders throughout the colonies to rally opposition to British government |
| Common Sense | Pamphlet written in January of 1776 by Thomas Paine that urged the colonists to seek independence from Britain |
| Delaration of Independence | Document written by Thomas Jefferson on July 4, 1776 that formally delcared the colonies independent from Britain; includes the idea that "all men are created equal" |
| George Washington | leader of the Contiental Army during the American Revolution; becomes the 1st President of the United States |
| Lexington and Concord | 4/19/1775 - The first of the American Revolution; known as the "shot heard 'round the world" |
| Saratoga | 10/10/1777 - Turing point of the American Revolution; the Contiental Army defeats the British which convinces France to war on the side of the colonists |
| Yorktown | 10/17/1781- final battle of the American Revolution; the British under Lord Carnwallis surrender which ends the war |
| Treaty of Paris 1783 | Document that in which England officially gave independence to the colonies |
| Mercantilism | the theory that a country's power depends on it's wealth and should have a favorable balance of trade (exports > imports) |
| Triangular trade | trade routes between Europe, West Aftica, and the Americas |
| Middle Passage | the portion of the Triangular Trrade that brought enslaved Africans to the New World |
| New England Colonies | Economy- shipping, fishing, tade with Europe Religous Groups- Puritans, Pilgrims Colonial Settlements- MA, NH, CN, RI- Plymouth Massechusets Bay |
| Middle Colonies | Economy- Trade, farming Religous Groups- Catholics, Quakers Colonial Settlements- NY, PA, NJ, DE |
| Southern Colonies | Economy- Plantations, cash crops, slavery Religous Groups- Various Protestand groups Colonial Settlements- GA, SC, NC, VA, MD, - Roanoke, Jamestown |
| Jamestown | first permanent English colonial settlement founded in 1607 |
| Proprietary colony | Definition- English colony granted to an individual or group by the crown Example- Pennsylvania |
| Joint-stock company | Definition- a buisness founded and run by a group of investors that colonized land in hopes of creating a profit by trading cash crops Example- Jamestown |
| Royal Colony | Definition- colonial area of land controlled directly by the king or other monarch Example- Virginia |
| Mayflower Compact | Document that established the 1st direct democracy (all citizens vote) in the colonies |
| Virginia House of Burgesses | Establiashment of the 1st representative democracy (citizens elect representatives to make laws) in the colonies |
| Fundemental Orders of Connecticut | America's first written constitution |
| Iroquis Nations Constituation | Constitution written by the Iroquis Nation that guarrenteed freedom of religion and expression and other rights later embraced in the U.S. Constitution |
| Great Awakening | Relgious movement in English colonies during the 1730s and 1740s inspired by evangelical preachers |
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