| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Eukaryote | multicellular, complex organism, with membrane bound nucleus |
| Heterotrophic/Consumer | cannot make its own food: eats soil and organic matter (corn meal) |
| Invertebrate | no backbone, no cartilage, no skeleton |
| Hydrostatic skeleton | pressure acts as skeleton: fluid filled cavity creates internal pressure |
| Respiration via Skin | Diffusion and gas exchange, a passive process, no energy required, energy and water can both pass into and out of worm |
| Closed Circulatory System | Internal Network of Veins, arteries, and cycling of blood through the canals |
| Digestive Tract | No digestion system: runs the length of the entire earthworm |
| Oligochaetea, Polychaetea, and Hirudenae | classifications of annelids |
| a true coelom, setae, and parapodia | annelids must contain: |
| Setae | external bristles, assist in movement, 4 pairs found in each segment |
| Parapodia | Fleshy external protrusions determine the three classes of annelids |
| 1. Eat and digest soil and organic matter 2. Aerates soil and prevents erosion by anchoring plants 3. Feed at night and deposit O₂castings (feces that fertilize) 4. Act as prey in the food chain, feeding many nocturnal animals 5. Economic value to fishermen 6. Indicator Organism Sensitive to pollution and responds to toxins in the environment | List the Ecological Importance of Earthworms: doesn't have to be exact |
| Earthworm | Organism with bilateral or radial symmetry |
| Segmentation | partitions keep specific functions separate (over 100 segments) |
| Dorsal | Backside of organism |
| Anterior | toward the head |
| Ventral | frontal view, abdomen area |
| Posterior | Toward the tail |
| Cephalization | specialized brain functions |
| Germ Layers | Specialized Tissue: can regenerate if the worm is cut in half |
| Differentiation | (complex tissue-origins) |
| Circular Muscles | thicken and shorten the muscles as they contract (worm squeezes up) attach setae to the soil as an anchor |
| Longitudinal Muscles | contract and pull the worm forward and elongates |
| Coelom | firm, fluid filled structure against which muscles contract |
| Dorsal Blood Vessel | acts like a heart taking oxygenated blood and pumps blood, five pairs of hearts ten in all |
| Nephridia | 1 pair on each segment acts like kidneys and eliminates liquid toxins |
| 1. Mouth mositens the food and it is sucked into the pharynx 2. food is moved into the esophagus 3. food is stored in the crop 4. ground up in the gizzard when ready for processing 5. Enters the long intestine, enzymes are secreted and the nutrients enter the blood stream 6. Food exits the earthworm through the anus | Digestive tract sequence |
| Nervous system | brain in anterior end is a mass of nerve cellss, one longitudinal nerve cord runs the length of the body |
| Septum | divide each segment inot the compartments and the nerve cord has branches that connect to each segment |
| Reproductive System | Dual sex organs, can't fertilize its own eggs, contains two testes, sperm is stored in the seminal vesicles |
Combine with other sets
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