Science Olympiad, Respiratory System
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Created by:
KMartin83 on January 30, 2012
Subjects:
Description:
Respiratory System Study Guide
Classes:
Urbana Middle School - Science Olympiad
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14 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What is the funtion of the respiratory system? | to provide the body with essential oxygen and dispose of carbon dioxide |
| What four process play a part in respiration? | 1. breathing (ventilating) 2. external respiration 3. gas transport (in blood) 4. capillaries |
| What is the funtion of the trachea? | the windpipe; conducts air between the environment and the lungs |
| Define and describe asthma. | spasms of the broncial muscles that severely restrict air flow; characterized by recurring attacks of wheezing and difficulty breathing, persistent inflammation of the airways |
| What are the alveoli? | tiny sacs where oxygen diffuses from the air into the blood |
| What are the alveoli coated with to help them function properly? | surfactant (phospholipid molecules that keep them open) |
| Describe what occurs within the lungs during breathing. | Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the air to be exhaled; pressure changes within the lungs cause breathing; each gas moves from hight to low according to its own pressure; the diaphragm and muscles contract, the ribs move up and out and the volume of the thoracic cavity increases (causing the pressure in the lungs to decrease) |
| What is tidal volume? | the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a normal breath |
| What is oxyhemoglobin? | molecules where most oxygen is carried by the red blood cells (where it is bound to hemoglobin) |
| What are three ways carbon dioxide is removed by the blood? | 1. Dissolved in the blood 2. Carried by hemoglobin 3. As a bicarbonate ion (enzyme in red blood cells combines it with water) |
| What is breathing controlled by? | respiratory centers in the medulla of the brain |
| Describe emphysema and its cause. | Reduction in the surface area available for gas exchange (permanent lung damage) and the increased dead air space results in shortness of breath; Caused by destruction of alveoli, usually by smoking |
| Describe pneumonia. | An inflammation of the lungs that causes fluid to accumulate in the alveoli, reducing gas exchange |
| What are three types of pneumonia? | 1. bacterial 2. viral 3. fungal |
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