PSY120
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56 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Functionalism | The purpose of conciousness |
| Wilhelm Wundt | Structuralism |
| Positive correlation | x increases as y increases |
| types of variables used by psychologists | independent, extraneous, dependent |
| Attitude | The way you feel, what you're likely to do, what you know or believe |
| Just world hypothesis | belief that good things happen to good people and vice versa |
| reasons for conformity | want to be liked by group and assuming group is better informed |
| psychology | the scientific study of behavior and mental processes |
| hypothesis | a prediction that is testable |
| correlation coefficent varies from | -1.00 to 0 to +1.00 |
| Interactive Dualism | Descartes |
| Functionalism | William James |
| Behaviorism | John Watson and B.F. Skinner |
| Psychoanalytic Psychology | Sigmund Freud |
| Humanistic Psychology | Carl Rogers and Abraham Marslow |
| Correlation Methods | positive correlation, negative correlation, third variable problem, directionality problem |
| experimental methods | independent variable, dependent variable, extraneous variables, confounding variable, experimental group, control group, random assignment |
| Id | pleasure principle |
| Ego | reality principle |
| superego | idealistic principle |
| regression | involves a reversion to immature patterns of behavior |
| Projection | involves attributing your own thoughts, feelings, or motives to another |
| Fantasy | escape from anxiety typically through the use of imagination |
| Repression | involves keeping distressing thoughts and feelings buried in the unconscious |
| Rationalization | involves creating false but plausible excuses to justify unacceptable behavior |
| Denial | refusal to believe information that provokes anxiety |
| sublimation | repression of unacceptable behavior that is channeled into socially acceptable behavior |
| Inferiority Complex | Adler |
| Collective Unconciousness | Jung |
| Unconditional Positive Regard | Roger's |
| Affect | Feelings |
| Cognition | thinking |
| Behavior | doing |
| Interactice Dualism | Believe that the mind and body were fundamentally distinct entities |
| British Empiricists | John Locke |
| British Empiricists | How do we come to represent the world "out there" in the internal world of the mind |
| Structuralism | break down feelings, emotions, and sensations |
| Functionalism | believe that psychology should investigate the function or purpose of consciousness |
| Behaviorism | based on the premise that scientific psychology should study only observable behavior |
| Psychoanalytic Psychology | emphasizes the influences of the unconsciousness and instincts |
| Humanistic Psychology | emphasizes the unique qualities of humans, especially their freedom and their potential for personal growth |
| Gestalt Psychology | Max Wertheimer |
| Gestalt Psychology | describes how we organize the world |
| correlation | assesses a relationship between variables that an experiment has no control over |
| third variable problem | casual variable influencing the two variables that are measured |
| directionality problem | difficulty in determining the direction in which the causality occurs between correlated variables |
| experiment group | receives some treatment or manipulation in regard to the independent variable |
| control group | receives no treatment of experimental manipulation |
| independent variable | a condition or even that an experimenter varies in order to see its impact on another variable |
| dependent variable | the variable that is thought to be affected by manipulation of the independent variable |
| extraneous variable | those factors in an experiment that need to be minimized or eliminated so as not to affect the dependent variable |
| confounding variable | a variable that varies systematically with the independent variable thus making a causal link difficult to establish |
| displacement | involves diverting emotional feelings (usually anger) from their original source to a substitute target |
| foot-in-the-door technique | person makes a modest request at first and then follows it up with a much larger second request |
| door-in-the-face technique | someone follows an outrageous initial request with a much more reasonable second one. |
| that's-not-all technique | person makes an offer, before the other person has a chance to reply, makes a better offer |
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