| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Sam Houston's Indian policy | to make peace with each individual Indian group |
| Mirabeau Lamar's Indian policy | force Indians out of Texas; resulted in increased military spending and indebtedness |
| Treaties of Velasco | ended the war between Mexico and Texas; after this was signed Mexico continued to insist that Texas was a part of Mexico |
| David G. Burnet | president of Texas during the revolution |
| France | the first European country to recognize Texas independence |
| Archives War | occurred when Houston tried to remove Republic records to Houston for safekeeping |
| Convention of 1845 | two competing offers were presented at this event: annexation or recognition of the Republic by Mexico |
| manifest destiny | referred to the belief that it was America's divine right to annex Texas |
| joint resolution | document created by Congress in 1844 to approve the annexation of Texas, which required only a simple majority |
| Compromise of 1850 | settled Texas' boundary issues and was the work of Henry Clay |
| cotton | the South's greatest resource for trade with the world during the Civil War |
| southern advantages in the Civil War | had skilled military men and could fight a defensive war |
| General William T. Sherman | remembered for his destructive march through Georgia and the Carolinas |
| east of the Mississippi River | location of most Civil War battles |
| Vicksburg | Grant's army and a fleet of ironclad ships split the Confederacy in two with the capture of this city |
| General Ulysses Grant | finally defeated Robert E. Lee |
| Palmito Ranch | last battle of the Civil War that was fought near Brownsville, TX |
| Emancipation Proclamation | freed slaves in those areas rebelling against the United States |
| Col. Ranald S. Mackenzie | his first campaign in Texas was meant to force all of the Indians onto reservation |
| Battle of Palo Duro Canyon | Mackenzie defeated the Comanche here by destroying their villages, horses, and supplies |
| Texas frontier | began to fall back during the 1860s because of pressure from American Indian raids |
| Buffalo herds | began to disappear because of the development of new tanning technology and a market for hides in the East |
| reservation life | was difficult for Indians because land set aside for them generally had very poor soil |
| Tejanos | first Texas ranchers who brought their knowledge of ranching with them from Mexico |
| cattle kingdom | began to disappear after fences started to enclose the open range; enjoyed success because of the demand for Texas beef in the East |
| barbed wire | one of its benefits was that is was that it was very inexpensive |
| spacing of oil wells | began to be regulated by the state so that fields would not be exhausted so quickly |
| wildcatting | risky business because many independent operators went bankrupt after drilling a few wells |
| automobile | technological innovation that most assured the success of the oil industry |
| education | has benefited from the oil industry because of taxes, the Permanent University Fund, and philanthropy |
| petroleum | a type of fossil fuel |
| Spindletop | in 1902 produced 20% of all oil produced in the United States |
| separation of powers | designed to make sure that no branch becomes too powerful |
| constitutional limits | are in place to protect individual rights |
| education | along with with health and human services, this is the largest expenditure of state funds |
| requirements for jury service | be qualified to vote, able to read/write English, not convicted of theft/felony |
| federalism | distributing power between a central government and regional governments |
| annexation | the formal joining of one political region to another |
| ratify | to approve or accept formally |
| balanced budget | a budget in which spending does not exceed revenue |
| foreign relations | official relations with other countries |
| Angelina Eberly | leader in the Archives War |
| John Tyler | U.S. president who asked Congress in 1845 for a joint resolution in favor of annexing Texas |
| Texas Admission Act | bill that approved the admission of Texas to the United States |
| Winfield Scott | U.S. general who captured Mexico City |
| Nicholas Trist | U.S. diplomat who negotiated the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo |
| Mexican Cession | territory in northern Mexico that was ceded to the United States |
| Zachary Taylor | commander of U.S. forces in Texas when the Mexican War began |
| Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo | agreement that ended the Mexican War |
| offensive | a major troop advance |
| Nueces River | what Mexico claimed what the boundary between it and the United States |
| states' rights | the belief that state power is greater than federal power |
| Dred Scott decision | Supreme Court case that ruled that slaves were not U.S. citizens |
| ironclads | ships heavily armored in metal |
| suffrage | voting rights |
| Radical Republicans | group that pushed the Civil Rights Act of 1866 through Congress |
| Freedmen's Bureau | organization created by the U.S. Congress to give legal aid to former slaves |
| carpetbaggers | northerners who moved to the South after the Civil War |
| Black Codes | laws passed after Reconstruction to deny African Americans' civil rights |
| scalawags | term used for Texans who supported Republicans |
| segregation | the forced separation of people of different races in public |
| Jim Crow laws | laws passed to enforce segregation |
| 14th amendment | guaranteed citizenship and equal rights to African Americans |
| 15th amendment | gave suffrage to African American men |
| Quanah Parker | Comanche leader whose mother was a captured settler |
| cattle drives | herding groups of cattle to market |
| King Ranch | very important South Texas ranch |
| brands | identification marks |
| XIT Ranch | Panhandle ranch bought for the cost of a new state capital building in Austin |
| supply and demand | economic principle that explains why prices rise and fall |
| labor unions | organization formed to support the interests of workers |
| strike | refusal of workers to do their jobs until a company meets their demands |
| petroleum | a dark thick liquid commonly called oil |
| Permanent University Fund | University of Texas and Texas A&M are supported by it |
Combine with other sets
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