Chapter 9 Bio
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Created by:
egieszelmann on January 30, 2012
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40 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Heredity | Transmission of traits from parent to offspring |
| Self-fertilization | asexual reproduction, only one organism contributes genetic information |
| Cross-fertilization | when two different organisms contribute genetic material |
| True-breeding | displaying only one form of a particular trait in offspring |
| Hybrid | Offspring of two parents that differ in one or more inherited traits |
| Genetic cross | when two true-breeding organisms for different traits combine |
| P generation | the first generation of a cross |
| F1 generation | the second generation of a cross |
| F2 generation | the third generation of a cross |
| Monohybrid cross | hybridization using a single trait with two alleles |
| Alleles | alternate from of a gene |
| Homozygous | having two identical alleles for a trait |
| Heterozygous | having two different alleles for a trait |
| Dominant allele | an allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present |
| Recessive allele | an allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present |
| Law of segregation | states that alleles separate during somatic gamete formation |
| Punnett square | a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross |
| Phenotype | the physical characteristics of an organism |
| Genotype | the genetic characteristics of an organism |
| Locus | Particular site where a gene is found on a chromosome |
| Dihybrid cross | Experimental mating of individuals differing at two loci |
| Law of independent assortment | each member of a pair of homologous chromosomes separates independently of the members of other pairs so the results are random |
| Wild type traits | the traits most commonly found in nature |
| Pedigree | ancestral flow chart of an organism and its traits |
| Carrier | an organism that is heterozygous for a trait and brings the recessive gene to the next generation though the phenotype is different |
| Inbreeding | the mating of two closely related persons |
| Achondroplasia | a birth defect of imperfect bone formation, dwarfism |
| Huntington's disease | an inherited adult-onset disease of the nervous system |
| Incomplete dominance | the phenotype of a heterozygous individual that reults in an intermediate or mixed trait |
| Hypercholesterolemia | the medical name for high cholesterol |
| ABO blood groups | the major human blood group naming system |
| Codominance | a phenotype where both dominant and recessive are expressed |
| Pleiotropy | a single gene controlling multiple phenotypic traits |
| Sickle cell disease | a disease that causes the misshapen blood cells |
| Polygenic inheritance | a single trait controlled by many genes |
| Chromosome theory of inheritance | the theory that chromosomes are linear sequences of genes |
| Linked genes | genes that are linked together as they are on the same chromosome |
| Linkage map | a map showing the positions of genetic markers in a chromosome |
| Sex-linked gene | a gene located in the sex chromosome |
| Hemophilia | a disease that causes internal bleeding |
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