Terms and Concepts- Chapter 13: Congress
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emiwonka630 on January 30, 2012
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35 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Bicameral Legislature | a lawmaking body made up of two chambers or parts |
| Filibuster | an attempt to defeat a bill in the Senate by talking indefinitely, thus preventing the Senate from taking action to the bill. |
| Marginal districts | political districts in which candidates elected to the House of Representatives win in close elections, by less than 55% or more. |
| Safe Districts | districts in which incumbents win by margins of 55% or more |
| Conservative Coalition | an alliance between Republican and conservative Democrats |
| Majority Leader | the legislative leader elected by party members holding the majority of seats in the House or the Senate |
| Minority Leader | the legislative leader elected by party members holding a minority of seats in the House or the Senate |
| Whip | a senator or representative who helps the party leaders stay informed about what party members are thinking |
| Party polarization | a vote in which a majority of Democratic legislators oppose a majority of Republican legislators |
| Caucus | an association of Congress members are created to advance a political ideology or a regional, ethnic, or economic interest |
| Standing committees | permanently established legislative committees that consider and are responsible for a legislation within a certain subject area |
| Select committees | Congressional committees appointed for a limited time and purpose |
| Joint Committees | committees on which both senators and representatives serve. |
| Conference committees | a joint committee appointed to resolve differences in the Senate and House versions of the same bill. |
| Public Bill | a legislative bill that deals with matters of general concern |
| Private bill | a legislative bill that deals with ONLY specific, private, personal, or local matters |
| Simple Resolution | an expression of opinion either in the House or Senate to settle procedural matters in either body. |
| Concurrent Resolution | an expression of opinion without the force of law that requires the approval of both the House and the senate BUT NOT THE PRES. |
| Joint Resolution | a formal expression of congressional opinion that must be approved by the House and the Senate and by the President. (Constitutional amendments need not be signed by the President) |
| Multiple Referral | a congressional process whereby a bill may be referred to several committees |
| Sequential Referral | a congressional process by which a speaker may send a bill to a second committee after the first is finished acting |
| Discharged petition | a device by which any member of the House, after a committee has had the bill for 30 days, may petition to have it brought to the floor |
| Closed rule | an order from the House Rules Committee that sets a time limit on debate; forbids a bill from being amended on the floor |
| Open Rule | an order from the House Rules Committee that permits a bill to be amended on the floor |
| Restrictive Rule | an order from the House Rules Committee that permits certain kinds of amendments but not others to be made into a bill on the floor |
| Quorum | the minimum # of members who must be present for business to be conducted in Congress |
| Quorum call | a roll call in either house to see whether the minimum # of representatives required to conduct business is present |
| Cloture Rule | a rule used by Senate to end/limit debate |
| Double-Tracking | a procedure to keep the Senate going during a filibuster in which the disputed bill is shelved tempoarily so that the Senate can get on with other busines |
| Voice vote | a congressional voting procedure in which voters shout "yay" or "nay" permitting members to vote quickly or anonymously on bills |
| Division vote | A procedure in which voters stand and are counted |
| Teller Vote | a procedure in which members past between two tellers the "yays" first and "nays" second |
| Roll-Call Vote | a congressional voting procedure that consists of answering yay or nay to their names |
| Pork-Barrel Legislation | legislations that gives tangible benefits to constituents in several districts or states in the hope of winning their votes in return |
| Franking Privledge | the ability of members to mail letters to their constituents free of charge by substituting their facsimile signature for postage |
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