1.
4 main organic compounds essential to life processes: carbs, proteins, lipid, nucleic acids
2.
absorption occurs in: tiny fingerlike projections called villi
3.
all essential amino acids are found in: eggs, meat, milk, fish
4.
amino acids form very long chains called: polypeptides
5.
Amylase: produced by salivary glands, breaks down carbs
6.
animals store glucose as: glycogen
7.
bicarbonate: neutralizes stomach acid
8.
bile: an inky fluid which breaks fat globules into small droplets
9.
capillaries: tiny blood vessels that absorb amino acids and monosaccharides
10.
carbs, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids are built from the elements: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
11.
catalyst: a molecule that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction. it does this by reducing the amount of energy needed to make the reaction happen.
12.
complex carbohydrate: is starch or polysaccharide
13.
digestion: the process of breaking down food into molecules that the body can use
14.
digestion includes: chemical and mechanical breakdown of foods into nutrients, absorb nutrients into blood, and get rid of waste
15.
during absorption, they nutrient molecules: enter blood and lymph vessels in the small intestine
16.
enzyme: a huge protein that speeds up the reaction of a substrate
17.
esophagus connects: pharynx with stomach
18.
filtration: Your kidneys filter out water by diffusion
salt, sugar, water, and urea
blood --> kidney
19.
gastric fluid + food particles =: chyme
20.
hydrochloric acid: works to activate pepsin and kill bacteria
21.
lacteals: tiny lymph vessels that absorb fat
22.
Liver: makes proteins, makes cholesterol, and detoxifies proteins
23.
liver produces: bile
24.
mechanical digestion: increases the surface are of the food to expose more parts to enzymes, breaks food into smaller pieces
25.
mechanical digestion takes place in: mouth, esophagus, stomach
26.
monosaccharide: simple sugar made of only one molecule
27.
pancreas also produces proteins that break down: carbs, proteins, and lipids
28.
pancreas produces hormones that: hormones that regulate the amount of sugar in the blood also produces bicarbonate
29.
pepsin: break down protein
30.
peristalsis is: a series of rhythmic muscular contractions and relaxations that propels food
31.
pharynx is: a passageway for food and air
32.
plants store glucose as: starch
33.
polysaccharide is: 3 or more sugars joined together
34.
protein shape can be influenced by: pH and temperature
35.
proteins are made of: amino acids
36.
proteins supply raw materials for: growth and repair of structures such as skin and muscle
37.
reabsorption: kidney --> blood
38.
secretion: concentrate the urine by ATP by adding more molecules
Blood --> kidney
39.
sphincter: circular muscle separating parts of the digestive system
40.
substrate: the molecule that will react in the presence of the enzyme
41.
sucrose is: disaccharide- to sugars joined together
42.
the gall bladder stores: bile
43.
the liver and pancreas dump secretions into the upper section of the small intestine called: duodemum
44.
the nutrients the body needs are:: water, carbs, fats, proteins, vitamins, and minerals
45.
the stomach secrets: the digestive enzyme pepsin and hydrochloric acid
46.
ulcers from when: the digestive enzymes eat through the lining of the stomach
caused by stress, dry swallowing pills, and bacteria
47.
why do we need to eat food?: to get energy and build repair tissue
