5 Written Questions

1. This system is responsible for the initiation of voluntary motor movement
2. twitches of muscle visible through skin
3. extension upward of the toes when the sole of the foot is stroked firmly on the outer side from the heel to the front
4. What divides the primary motor and somatosensory cortex?
5. Where are the primary motor and somatosensory cortex located

5 Matching Questions

1. polio
2. Lateral corticospinal and Rubrospinal tracts
3. Brown-Sequard syndrome
4. supplementary cortex and premotor cortex
5. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

1. a This results from hemisection of the spinal cord as seen in fracture dislocation of vertebrae, tumor. Results in a dissociation of function between conscious proprioception and pain and temperature sensation
2. b This is caused by an intestinal RNA virus acquired generally from contaminated water
3. c What are the important motor association areas?
4. d Progressive degenerative disease of the corticospinal tract (upper motor neuron) and ventral horn cells (lower motor neuron) Lower neurons degeneration in the cervical cord results in weakness and eventually loss of control in muscle of the hand, truck and lower limbs. Involuntary twitching occurs and bladder and bowel function are impaired due to descending autonomic pathways
5. e Name the lateral motor system pathways

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. These participate in important feedback loop in which they project back to the cerebral cortex via the thalamus
   1. cerebellum
   2. Rolandic (central) sulcus
   3. basal ganglia and cerebellum
   4. pyramidal tract lesion
2. Projections of the basal ganglia and the descending spinal pathways are considered to be what?
   1. fasciculations
   2. fibrillations
   3. extrapyramidal
   4. polio
3. Which of the three groups does the pyramidal tract fall into
   1. polio
   2. cerebellum
   3. CC to LMN
   4. LMN lesion
4. Cardinal sign is flaccid paralysis. Also fasciculations or fibrillations may also be present
   1. CC to LMN
   2. LMN lesion
   3. polio
   4. UMN lesion
5. What are the classifications of descending motor pathways
   1. lateral motor and medial motor systems
   2. Pyramidal tracts
   3. Lateral corticospinal and Rubrospinal tracts
   4. supplementary cortex and premotor cortex

5 True/False Questions

1. corticospinal tract (body) and corticobulbar → These participate in important feedback loop in which they project back to the cerebral cortex via the thalamus

   True        False

2. cerebellum → Execution of learned, skilled motor movement, proper timing of movement, and correction of movement errors are all basic functions of what?

   True        False

3. effects of polio → Anterior horn cells of the spinal cord are often affected. Most common area involved is the lumbar enlargement. The patient will present with classic LMN signs

   True        False

4. Lateral corticospinal tract, medial lemniscus pathway, and anterolateral pathways → Name the medial motor system pathways

   True        False

5. pyramidal tract lesion → This is rarely seen because in most areas of the brain, the corticospinal tract and descending spinal tracts run together. Signs include flaccid paralysis with Babinski sign.

   True        False