Brunnstrom
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46 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What was Brunnstrom's main belief? | Any movement is better than no movement. |
| True or false? Flexion is the most dominant UE pattern and has the highest treshold to facilitation. | false, lowest treshold |
| True or false? Extension is the most dominant of the synergies in the LE | True, thus the first to appear |
| Is there a shoulder flexion in UE flexion synergy? | no |
| Describe the position of the elbow, forearm, wrist and fingers in the UE flexion synergy | elbow flexion forearm supinated wrist flexion fingers flexed |
| Describe the position of the SHOULDER in the UE flexion synergy | Abducted to 90 degrees, external rotation or hyperextension |
| Describe the position of the shoulder GIRDLE in the UE flexion synergy | Elevation and retraction |
| Describe the position of the shoulder GIRDLE in the UE extension synergy | Depression and protraction |
| Describe the position of the elbow, forearm, wrist and fingers in the UE extension synergy | Elbow extension Forearm pronation Wrist extension Fingers flexed |
| What is the position of the SHOULDER in the UE extension synergy? | ADduction and internal rotation |
| Which movement is absent in both UE synergy patterns? | Finger extension |
| True or false? flexion is the stronger component at the elbow | true. same for the wrist |
| Trus or false? ADduction is the weakest component at the SHOULDER | false, shoulder flexion |
| Case: One of your patients is suddenly under stress. Describe the expected UE position | Shoulder ADduction Elbow flexion Forearm pronation Wrist and fingers flexion |
| What are the 2 positions in which patients are not prone to UE pathological synergies? | 1) shoulder flexion above 90 degrees 2) arm behind the back |
| Describe the position of the hip in the LE extension synergy | Hip extension, ADduction (strongest component) and internal rotation |
| Describe the position of the knee in the LE extension synergy | Extension (stronger component) |
| Describe the position of the ankle in the LE extension synergy | Ankle plantarflexion (strongest component) and inversion |
| Describe the position of the hip for the LE flexion synergy | Hip flexion, ABduction and external rotation |
| Describe the position of the knee in the LE flexion synergy | Flexion to 90 degrees |
| Describe the position of the ankle in the LE flexion synergy | dorsiflexion and inversion |
| What motion is absent in both LE synergies? | Ankle eversion |
| What is the typical Hemi leg posture? | Hip flexion and ADduction Knee extension Ankle plantarflexion |
| What is the purpose of postural reflexes? | To increase tone and movement for normal development. They are normal in infancy. |
| Describe Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex | Head is flexed arms flex and legs extend. If head is ext arms ext and legs flex |
| Describe Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex | fully rotate infant's head and hold for 5secs -> extension of extremities on the face side, flexion of extremities on the skull side. |
| Describe Symmetrical Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex | Supine position yields maximal extension of all limbs Prone position yields flexion (min extension) of all limbs |
| Describe the Asymmetrical Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex | In sidelying, the ceiling side of the head facilitates flexion of UE and LE whereas the floor side facilitates extension |
| Describe the Tonic Lumbar Reflex | Rotation "away" facilitates flexion of LE and extension of UE Rotation "towards" facilitates extension of LE and flexion of UE |
| True or false? the tonic neck and labyrinthine reflexes have a greater effect on the UE | true |
| Describe the Marie-Foix Reflex | Moving into plantarflexion and inversion causes a reflex dorsiflexion at the ankle and hip flexion |
| Associated Reactions | An involuntary and automatic movement of a body part as a result of an intentional active or resistive movement in another body part. |
| Describe associated reactions in the UE | flexion in uninvolved side leads to flexion in involved side. Extension in uninvolved side leads to extension in involved side. |
| Describe associated reaction in the LE | It is reciprocal. flexion in uninvolved side leads to extension in involved side. Extension in uninvolved side leads to flexion in involved side. |
| Homolateral synkinesis | A flexion pattern of the involved upper extremity facilitates flexion of the involved lower extremity. Same goes for extension. |
| Raimiste's Phenomenon | The involved lower extremity will abduct/adduct with applied resistance to the uninvolved lower extremity in the same direction. |
| Souqe's Phenomenon | Raising the involved upper extremity above 90 degrees with elbow extension will produce extension and abduction of the fingers. |
| Stage 1 | No volitional movement initiated |
| Stage 2 | Minimal voluntary movements or associated reactions. The beginning of spasticity. |
| Stage 3 | The synergies are performed voluntarily; spasticity increases to its peak. |
| Stage 4 | Spasticity begins to decrease. Some movement combinations out of synergy are mastered slowly. |
| Stage 5 | A further decrease in spasticity is noted with ability to perform more difficult movements out of synergy. |
| Stage 6 | Isolated joint movements are performed with nearly normal coordination. No spasticity with passive movements. |
| Stage 7 | Normal motor function is restored. |
| True or false? UE and LE are always in the same Brunnstrom stage. | False |
| True or false? A Brunnstrom stage can't be skipped. | True |
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