Rina Chemistry Chapters 1&2 Vocab
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Created by:
Rina_Mahoney on January 31, 2012
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48 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 matter | anything that has mass and occupies space |
| chemistry | the study of the composition of matter and the changes matter undergoes |
| organic chemistry | the study of all chemicals containing carbon |
| inorganic chemistry | the study of chemicals that do not, in general, contain carbon |
| biochemistry | study of processes that take place in organisms |
| analytical chemistry | area of study that focuses on the composition of matter |
| physical chemistry | area that deals with the mechanism, the rate, and the energy transfer that occurs when matter undergoes a change. |
| pure chemistry | the pursuit of chemical knowledge for its own sake |
| applied chemistry | research that is directed toward a practical goal or application |
| technology | the means by which a society provides its members with those things needed and desired |
| macroscopic | the world of objects big enough to see with the unaided eye |
| microscopic | the world of objects that can be seen only under magnification |
| biotechnology | applies science to the production of biological products or processes |
| pollutant | material found in air, water, or soil that is harmful to humans or other organisms |
| scientific method | a logical systematic approach to the solution of a scientific problem |
| observation | information obtained by the senses |
| hypothesis | proposed explanation for an observation |
| experiment | a procedure that is used to test a hypothesis |
| manipulated variable | the variable that you change, independent variable |
| responding variable | the variable that is observed during the experiment, dependent variable |
| theory | a well-tested explanation for a broad set of observations |
| scientific law | a concise statement that summarizes the results of many observations and experiments |
| mass | measure of the amount of matter the object contains |
| volume | measure of the space occupied by the object |
| extensive property | a property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample |
| intensive property | a property that depends on the type of matter in a sample |
| physical property | a quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance's composition |
| solid | form of matter that has definite shape and volume |
| liquid | form of matter that has an indefinite shape, flows, yet has a fixed volume |
| gas | form of matter that takes both the shape and volume of its container |
| vapor | the gaseous state of a substance that is generally a liquid or solid at room temperature |
| physical change | some properties of the material change, but the composition of the material does not change |
| mixture | a physical blend of two or more components |
| heterogeneous mixture | a mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout |
| homogeneous mixture | mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout |
| phase | any part of a sample with uniform composition and properties |
| filtration | process that separates a solid from the liquid in a homogeneous mixture |
| distillation | a liquid is boiled to produce a vapor that is then condensed into a liquid |
| element | the simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties |
| compound | a substance that contains two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed peoportion |
| chemical change | a change that produces matter with a different composition than the original composition |
| chemical symbol | one- or two- letters that represent a chemical |
| chemical property | ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change |
| chemical reaction | one or more substances change into one or more new substances |
| reactant | substance present at the start of the reaction |
| product | a substance produced in the reaction |
| precipitate | a solid that forms and settles out of a liquid mixture |
| law of conservation of mass | in any physical change or chemical reaction, mass is conserved |
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