| Term | Definition |
|---|
| protists | eukaryotes that are not members of the plant, animal, or fungi kingdoms; include more than 200,000 species; most unicellular; first eukaryotes [endosymbiotic theory by Lynn Margulus] |
| classification of protists | by the way they obtain nutrients |
| heterotrophs | animal-like protists |
| photosynthesizers | plant-like protists |
| decomposers/parasites | fungus-like protists |
| zooflagellates | flagella; reproduce asexually by mitosis & cytokenisis; some sexually; Ex: Trichomonas vaginalis |
| sarcodines | ex: amoebas; pesudopods & amoeboid movement; phagocytosis; reproduce by mitosis & cytokenisis; others: formainiferans & heliozoans |
| ciliates | ex: Paramecia; cilia grouped into rows and bundles, and beat in a regular pattern; cilia for feeding and movement; trichocysts; macro- & micro- nucleus; gullet; no binary fission; mitosis & cytokenis; conjugation |
| pseudopods | temporary cytoplasmic projections used for feeding or movement |
| amoeboid movement | cytoplasm streams into the pseudopod, and the rest of the cell follows |
| trichocysts | bottle-shaped structures used for defense |
| macronucleus | genes for day-to-day existence |
| micronucleus | contains a copy of all genes (reproduction) |
| gullet | indentation traps particles, forces into food vacuoles to fuse with lysosomes |
| sporozoans | non motile; parasitic; reproduce by sporazites |
| malaria | kills 2 million people each year; (1)bite host [female] (2) inject Plasmodium (3) enter bloodstream, liver [liver failure] (4) attach to red blood cells, burst; symptoms: deprivation of oxygen; low blood count |
| animal-like protists | many ______-____ _______ are seential to the living world [symbiosis, recycle nutrients, serve as food; some beneficial |
| Trichonympha | digestive systems of termites; breaks down cellulose |
| plant-like protists | contain chlorophyll, carry out photosynthesis; "algae;" |
| accessory pigments | absorb different wavelengths (chlorophyll a & b) |
| euglenophytes (Euglenophyta) | two flagella but no cell wall; eyespot; pellicle; reproduce asexually by binary fission |
| eyespot | help find sunlight to power photosynthesis; when dark, become heterotrophic |
| pellicle | intricate cell membrane |
| chrysophytes (Chrysophyta) | gold-colored chloroplasts; pectin and/or cellulose in cell walls; reproduce asexually & sexually; solitary, some threadlike colonies; food storage: OIL |
| diatoms (Bacillariophyta) | silicon (Si) cell walls [sand is the remaints]; one side fitted snuggly into the other [one side is smaller than the other] |
| dinoflagellates (Pyrrophyta) | half photosynthetic/half heterotrophic; two flagella; biolumiscent: defense mechanism; asexually [binary fission] |
| phytoplankton | small photosynthetic organisms found near surface of ocean; microorganims base of food oxygen; provide nourishment for many organisms |
| algal blooms | depletes water oxygen [kill fish & invertebrates]; recycles sewage and other wastes |
| Rhodophyta | red algae (phylum) |
| Phaeophyta | brown algae (phylum) |
| Chlorophyta | green algae (phylum) |
| red algae | live at great depths; efficiency in harvesting light energy; chlorophyll a & phycoblins; beneficial: not competing with phytoplankton [for food] |
| phycobilins | red pigment which allows them [red algae] to absorb blue light more efficiently |
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