| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Clovis | King of Franks; conquered Gaul; earned support of Gaul and Church of Rome by converting; Ruled lands in Frankish custom but kept Roman legacy |
| Charlemagne | built empire from France, Germany, and part of Italy; crowned as head of Rome on Christmas day by Pope Leo III; spread christianity |
| Charles Martel | gathered many Frankish warriors to fight in the battle of Tours where they won against Muslims |
| Abbot Berno | revived Benedictine rule; didn't allow nobles to interfere with monastery affairs |
| Francis of Assisi | set up Franciscan order that preached poverty, humilitly and love of God; worked with poor |
| St. Dominic | set up Dominican order that did not work with poor |
| Benedict | drew up a set of rules to regulate monastic life. 3 vows-- obedience, poverty, and chastity |
| Hildegard | composed religious music; wrote many books; had visions so poeple sought her advice |
| Bede | wrote earliest known history of England and used BC and AD dates |
| William the Conqueror | Defeated Harold at the battle of Hastings; made Domesday Book |
| Henry II | founder of common law and jury system; his 4 knights murdered Thomas Becket |
| Eleanor | we read a book about her! |
| King John | 3 powerful enemies: King Philip II, Pope Innocent III, and own English nobles; batlled with Pop Innocent of the archbishop of Canterbury; excommunicated; placed under interdict; signed magna carta |
| Edward I | developed parliament |
| Hugh Capet | put to throne because of his weakness; made throne hereditary; Capetians had an unbroken succession for 300 years; effective beauracracy |
| Philip II | Granted charters, organized army, introduced a new national tax; Quadrupled royal land; |
| Louis X | most admired French ruler; declared a saint; led 2 wars against muslims; ended serfdom |
| Philip IV | wanted to tax the clergy... clash with pope boniface III; set up estates general |
| Otto I | king of Germany; like charlemagne; succesors were called Holy Roman Empire |
| Pope Gregory VII | no nuetral view; aroused most hatred and contempt; banned lay investiture |
| Henry IV | wanted to give bishops their symbols of office; excommunicated by Gregory and begged outside in the Alps for 3 days |
| Pope Urban II | Sent soldiers to fight Turks, Council of Clermont, called for crusade to free Holy Land, all to increase his power and heal split between Byzantine emperors and Roman popes. |
| Saladin | Ruler of Muslim forces attacking Holy Land. 1187 Jerusalem captured by him. Reopened Jerusalem to Christian pilgrims. |
| Isabella and Ferdinand | Took Granada from Muslims (last city to be taken) which opened way to create unified Spain, against feudal nobles, crusaded against Jews and Muslims was backed by the inquisition, created unified Spain |
| Thomas Aquinas | Wrote Summa Technologica, scholastic |
| Christine de Pizan | Married at 15, husband died, living as writer, wrote City of Ladies |
| Dante | Wrote Divine Comedy |
| Chaucer | Wrote Canterbury Tales |
| Justinian | created "new rome"; best known for his law reforms--400 years of codified Roman law; built Hagia Sophia |
| Theodora | J's wife, co ruler and adviser; cared for poor and homeless; nika rebellion leader |
| Alexius I | asked Pope Urban II for help to fight Seljuks because they had closed the way to Jerusalemq |
| Procopius | wrote the "Secret History"-- criticizes Justinian and Theodora; biased |
| Anna Comnena | 1st important femal historian; wrote "Alexiad" that analyzed reign of her dad, Alexius I; not as biased |
| Cyril and Methodius | missionaries that translated the Greek bible to the Cryllic bible |
| Olga | converted to Byzantine Christianity but didn't spread it |
| Vladimir | spread Byz Christianity |
| Yaroslav | golden age; issued written law code, translated Greek to his own language; arranged marriages |
| Ivan III | Ivan the Great; built framework for absolute rule; limited power of boyars; double headed eagle; took title of Czar; adopted Byz. court rituals |
| Ivan IV | grandson of Ivan III; brought feudalism into Russia; trusted on one--killed son; organized "oprichniki" |
| Michael Romanov | dynasty ended in 1917 |
| Jadwiga | greatest age in Poland; married Duke Wladyslav and together controlled largest state in Europe; supported university at Cracow |
| Jan Sobieski | broke Ottoman siege of Vienna |
| Stefan Dusan | height of Serbia; encouraged byz. culture and made a code of laws |
| Muhammad | prophet of islam, born in mecca; married Khadija; vision...hifra...defeat of mecca...destroyed idols at Kaaba |
| Abu Bakr | first caliph |
| Ibn Rusd | put knowledge to the test of reason |
| Ibn Kahldun | standards for history; warned of bias, exaggeration, and overconfidence |
| Al- Khwarizmi | father of algebra; greatest muslim mathmetician |
| al-razi | physician; wrote books on meds; child prodigy; small pox; measles; challenged med practices |
| Ibn Sina | persian doc that wrote "Canon on Medicine" |
| Ibn Battuta | traveled 75,000 miles and his dictated account still exists |
| Tamerlame | led armies in middle east; very victorious; adopted islam; took over ME |
| Babur | military genious; poet |
| Akbar | Babur's grandson, chief builder of Mughal, tolerated hindus, modernized army, encouraged trade, standardized weights and measures |
| Nur Jahan | wife of Jahangir |
| Shah Jahan | son of Jahangir and Nur Jahan... made the Taj Mahal |
| Muhammad II | captured Constantinople; caused fall of Byz empire |
| Sulieman | lawgiver/modernized army and conquered many lands, claimed to be the caliph and rightful heir to Abassids |
| Abbas the Great | model ruler, "new persia", centralized gov't, improved economy, tolerated religions, created Isfahn--center of international silk trade |
| Askia Muhammad | Made Songhai Islamic, set up Islamic Dynasty, improved government, expanded Songhai, bureaucracy |
| Sundiata | The one son of Mandinka that survived, founded Mali |
| Lalibela | King supervised building of churches built into sides of mountains |
| Mansa Musa | Greatest mansa of Mali, made hajj, expanded Mali to north and west, 25 year reign |
| Sonni Ali | Formed largest west African state of Songhai, did not adopt Islam |
| Genghiz Khan | His father died when Khan was 12 years old which spurred him to become a fearless leader and avenge his father's death. unified the Mongols of C Asia. |
| Kublai Khan | Genghiz's grandson. He created the Yuan dynasty. Under Kublai, only Mongols could serve in the military, he reserved the highest jobs for Mongols/non-Chinese officials. He DID allow Chinese officials to continue to rule in the provinces. Kublai welcomed foreigners to his court even Ibn Battuta...Marco Polo spent 17 years in his service and he described the royal palace of Kublai. Had a capital at Cambulac |
| Marco Polo | Went to China during Kublai khan's rule with brother and dad, stayed for 17 years, and when he came home he |
| Murasaki Shikibu | WOMAN. Best-known Heian writer. Tale of Genji was her first full length novel and was about fictional Prince Genji and his son. |
| Sejong | Created written language called hangul which greatly increased litteracy |
| Tokugawa Ieyasa | Began Tokugawa dynasty and ended feudal warfare and centralized government |
| Yoritomo Minamoto | Set up Kamakura shogunate and was 1st shogun |
| Zheng He | Had 7 expeditions in 28 years. 62 huge ships hundreds of small ones. GOAL: promote trade and collect tribute from lesser powers. Used magnetic compass. Ended because it was either too expensive or Confucian scholars didn't like the idea. |
| Fra Angelico | Friar who painted many angels, made 2 paintings call THE ANNUCIATION and one called RHE ANCIATORY ANGEL. |
| Sofonishba Anguissola | The Chess fame and Portrait of Queen Elizabeth which is the most copied painting in Spain. Chess game of three sisters and maid. |
| Sandro Botticelli | Birth of Venus, The Adoration of the Magi, Mars and Venus, and the Allegory of Spring. He is in the Adoration of the Magi. |
| Pieter Bruegel | The Tower o Babel, The Triump of Death, and Children's Games. In Miss Pruet's picture book. |
| FiIlipio Brunelleschi | Architect that made the dome in Florence |
| Leonardo DaVinci | Mona Lisa and the last supper, have to use microscope to see brushstrokes. Invented airplanes, cars, and tanks way before they were really invented. |
| Albrecht Durer | 4 horsemen of the Apocalpse, 2 self portraits, wing of a Roller |
| Donatello | Born in Florence, St. george and Gattameleta (first full size horse and rider since ancient times) statues. |
| Lorenzo Ghiberti | gates of paradise"- North and east baptistery doors on San Giovanni, Solomon and the queen of sheba. He was respected byMichelangelo |
| Michelangelo | Sistine Chapel and the last Judgement. Didn't think he was a good painter but preferred sculpting |
| Raphael | Sistine Madonna and School of Athens. Respected Michelangelo |
| Pieter Paul Rubens | Old Woman with Basket of Coal and Landscape with a Rainbow |
| Hubert Van Eyck | Brother of Jan Van Eyck, The three Mary's at the tomb |
| Jan Van Eyck | Arnolfini wedding Portrait, Brother of Hubert Van Eyck |
| Titian | Bacchus and Adrian and the Flaying of Marsyas |
| Cosimo De Medici | Gained control of Florence and lead the Medici's uncrowned rule for years to come. |
| Lorenzo De Medici | Generous patron of the arts |
| Erasmus | Transalated New testament into vernacular so everyone could read it. First humanist. |
| Cervantes | Wrote Don Qiuxote which was the story of a stupid but idealist king's knight and his travels |
| Sir Thomas Moore | Wrote Utopia |
| Rabelais | French humanists that worte of two gentle giants and their adventures. Symbolic meaning of war and deeper stuff |
| Machiavelli | Wrote of how to rule and stay in power, said that power is more important than keeping promises. Wrote the Prince |
| William Shakespeare | 37 plays, over 1,700 new words added to English alphabet, mostly compounded two pre-known words |
| Petrarch | Through his efforts of making libraries of Greek and Roman lit. in monasteries, the westerners now have access to those ancient documents. |
| Baldassare Castigilione | The Book of the Courtier described the manners, learning, skills, and virtues that a member of the court should have. |
| Frances Bacon | Pro-scientific method. Came up with idea of infinity. Wanted to make life easier for people. |
| Rene Descartes | Believed in human reasoning, If there was ANY doubt in a statement whatsoever, then it is false. Discourse on Method. |
| Robert Boyle | Differentiated elements and compounds, found effects of pressure and temp. |
| Tycho Brahe | Looked at sky every night for years and found evidence that supported Copernicus. His student was Johannes Kepler. |
| Copernicus | Heliocentric theory, earth revolves around sun, not miss pruet. |
| Galileo | Agreed with Copernicus, but was arrested then claimed he didn't and lived on house arrest for the rest of his life. |
| johannes kepler | Brahe |
| Isaac Newton | 20 yrs perfecting law of gravity, apple fell on his head |
| Ambroise Pare | Oitment, battle doctor, amputations, and stitches |
| Andreas Vesalius | Wrote "On the structure of the human body" which was the first accurate account of the human body |
| s | With what letter does "summer" start? (hint: the letter after r in the alphabet) |
Combine with other sets
Share on Facebook
Share on MySpace