| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Canal | provided the most effectuve way to move good before complete industrialization |
| Eli Whitney | invented the cotton gin |
| Scientific Farming | application of new technology such as the seed drill, crop rotation, and fertilization to the agricultural industry |
| James Watt | invented the first reliable and mass produced steam engine |
| Spinning Mule | combined the technology of the Spining Jenny and the water frame into a single machine |
| entrepreneur | individual who is willing totake the risk and invest money in new ventures |
| enclosure | process of farm land being purchased by wealthy landowners and subdivided into smaller plots |
| Laissez-faire | belief that the government should not be involvedwith the management of private industry |
| Factory Act 1833 | set standards for child labour |
| jethro tull | invented the seed drill and helped revolutionize farming |
| union | effort by workers to gain power in tehe bargaining process |
| Samuel Slater | credited with bringing the industrial revolution to the US |
| Steam Engine | most influential invention of the Industrial Revolution |
| crop rotation | agricultural advancement that allowedd all fields to be used season after season without laying fallow |
| Rocket | created by George Stephenson and his son, pulled 13 tons at 24 miles perhour |
| England | the industrial revolultion began in |
| selective breeding | how were the farmers able to doulbe the size of livestock |
| steam engine | first used to pull water out of the flooded mines |
| canal | most effective way to transport large amount of goods before the inventrion of the railroad |
| british colonies | what allowed Britian to industrialize first |
| rivers | after about 1825 facotries began to be located near |
| central governemnt | what initially delayed the growth of industry in Germany becuase of the lack of a |
| Johny Kay | who invented the flying shuttle |
| spinning jenny | becuase the flying shuttle was invented the ____ ____ was invented |
| middle | more people joined the ____ class because of the facotry system |
| seperate spheres | women stayed home while men supported the family, this idea was |
| laissez faire | the merchantile system in Britian was reeplaced by_____ _____ |
| Prince Klemens von Metterich | had the greatest influence on the descision of the COngress of Vienna |
| Seven Weeks War | resulted in the removal of Austria from the German confederation |
| Mazzini | created Young Italy, an influential group in the early movement towrd Italiam unity |
| third republic | in the end it was the form of government that divided the French the least |
| congress of vienna | successfully created a structure in Europe that strongly supported the moderate political viewpoint |
| Camillo de Cavour | Italian who believed in a diplomatic process for bringing Italy together |
| Zollverein | Free trade agreement that benefitted Prussia in the German Confederation |
| Holy Alliance 1815 | Agreement between Prussia, Russia, and Austria that insured the security of their monarchies |
| Second Reich | The German empire under the rule of King William II |
| Napoleon III | Absolute ruler elected through a democratic process |
| German Confederation | Consolidation of Germanic states by the Congress of Vienna |
| Giuseppe Garibaldi | leader of southern Italian unificatioon |
| Otto von Bismarck | Individual most responsible for the unification of Germany |
| Victor Emanuel II | first leader of a unified Italy |
| Franco Prussian War | Solidified the unity between the northern and southern Germanic states |
| monarchy | which type of governemnt did Metternich support the most |
| Bourbon | which European dynasty controlled the kingdom of the 2 Sicilies after the Congress of Vienna |
| Austria | Which Country did Napoleon II help remove from influence in northern Italy |
| Conservatism, Liberalism, Radicalism | 3 political philosophies of the time |
| Radicalism | which group believed that volence was an acceptable acction to obtain political change |
| conservatism | which philosophy had the greatest influence in Europe after the Ongress of Vienna |
| 40 | under what age were the memebers of Young italy |
| 1848 | what year was a time of revolt across all of Europe |
| Sardinia | which states was mostresponsible for the unfiication of Italy |
| Garibaldi | which romantic figure was the leader of the Red Shirts |
| William I | Crowned as the first Kaiser of Germany |
| Religion | what issue split the northern and southern Germanic states |
| F | T of F the third republiv was a stable government with little overturn |
| F | T or F the franco prussian war marked the beginning of Napoleoon III's rule |
| F | T or F France was united by its hatred of the Austrian Hungary Empire |
| T | T or F Liberalism belived in the early reforms of the French Revo;ution |
| T | T or F Britian was the only true Constitutional Monarchy in Europe |
| Great Trek | Movement of the Boers inland to avoid interaction with the British |
| Maharajah | leaders of the major divisions of India after the fall of the Mughal Dynasty |
| Boxers | Society of the Harmonious Fist |
| Extraterritorial Rights | Elevated imperialist above the local law codes |
| Condominium | joint contol and influenceof one territory by two foreign powers |
| Protectorate | allows indigenous people local government, but foreign power control foreign affairs |
| Open Door Policy | prevents colonization to allow multiple nations an oppportunity to trade in the region |
| Raj | region of direct british control in India |
| Cecil Rhodes | wealthy British industrialist |
| Sepoy | native Indian who participated in the British military |
| Spheres of Influence | area not under direct conmtrol of a foreign power but limited in it ability to trade outside of dominate foreign presence |
| David Livingston | british missionary believed to be lost in central Africa |
| Russo Japanese War | signaled Japan's presences as a world power |
| Boers | original Dutch Calvinist settlers in South Africa |
| Matthew Perry | commanded the US ship that entered Tokyo Bay, demanding Japan open for trade |
| ethiopia, Liberia | By 1914 only___ and ____ remained free states in Africa |
| direct rule | if a colony was run by ___, local elites were removed from power and replaced with new set of officals |
| white mans burden | the belief that Europeans had a moral responsibility to civilize primitive peoples |
| boers | descendants of the original Dutch settlers of Cape Town and the surrounding areas |
| Indian National Congress | there goal was to share in the process of governing india |
| boxers | which group's slogan was "destroy the foreigner" |
| opium, China | in attempt to adjust the trade imbalance with china, Britian began shipping ____ grown in India directly to ___ |
| Tai Ping Rebellion | this rebellion appealed to many people because it call for reforms such as giving land to peasants and treating woemn as equals |
| Treaty of Kanagawa | under the military pressure of Commodore Matthew Perry fleet Japan signed the _________ which opened up trade relations wit the US |
| spheres of influence | by dealing with the chinese warlords for exclusive trading rights, European traders established _______ ___ _______ that barred others ftom trading within a specific region |
| peasant unrest and food shortage | what 2 factors caused the Tai Ping Rebellion |
| Sepoy Mutiny | the requirement that Indian soliders bite off the end of an ammunition cartridge greased with animal cause the _____ _______ |
| British Raj | during what? were the indian and British people living in segregated neighborhoods |
| british east India Company | before 1858 British imperialism in India was carried out by the ____ ____ ____ _____ |
| GB, Germany, France, Russia | as the chinese military weakened in the late 1800s which countries rushed to claim more terrirtory in China |
| Siam | the only Southeast Asian country to retain its independence in the 1800s |
| social darwinism | Cecil Rhodes believed in ____ ______ |
| superior weapons | factor that allowed European nations to extend their control over Asia and Africa after 1800s |
| Sepoy Mutiny | what led the British governemnt to take control of India from the British East India Company |
| balance of trade | Brtiian began exporting opium to China to change the ____ __ _____ in favor of Brtian |
| Suez Canal | the Brtiish occupied Egypt to maintain access to the ____ ____ when the Egyptian government appeared unstable |
| Five Years War | command economy, with outrageous production goals, that forced modernization on the Soviet Union |
| Decemberists Revolt | uprising in 1825 that demanded "Constantine and Constitution" |
| Bolsheviks | group believed that the revoltuion could be accomplished immediatly with the small working class population |
| Alexander II | responsible for freeing the serfs |
| Duma | created by the Czar as a compromise to end the Revolution of 1905 |
| Romanov | the ruling family of Russia for nearly three hundred years |
| New Economic Policy | put in place by Lenin after the civil war to help Russia recover |
| Vladimir | out spoken leader of the Bolsheviks |
| Joseph Stalin | ultimatly became a totaltarian dictator dictator with complete control |
| Collective Farms | forced movement of the peasant population into mechanized agridulture |
| Kronstadt Revolt | uprising in 1921 demanding free elections, freedom of speech, and abolition of the secret police |
| Mensheviks | believed that the revolution couldnt be accomplished until the further industrialization created a larger proletariat |
| Rasputin | seen by the Russian people as a negative influence over the Czar and Czarina |
| Alexander Kerensky | leader of the provisonal government |
| Nicholas II | the last Czar of Russia |
| Soviets | were councils composed of representatives from the workers and soliders |
| Cheka | this secret police began a terror campaign to destroy all who opposed the new regime |
| Treaty of Brest Litovsk | in an attempt to end Russias involvement in WWI, Lenin signed ________ with Germany |
| totalitarian | a ____ state is a government that aims to control the political, economic, social, intellectualm and cultural lives of its citizens |
| the white army | bolshevik oponents came to be called__ _____ _____ |
| Petrograd, coup | the bolsheviks took over te Russian government after defending ____ against General Kornilovs attempted ___ |
| withheld food | how did Stalin punish punish those who resisted collectization |
| increase | stalins approach to Communist governemnt differed from Karla Marx becaise Stalin wanted to ____ governemnts power |
| a Mir | when serfs were freed they were placed on land known as |
| Narodniki | which group was responsible for the assassination of Czar Alexander II |
| Tolstoy | which famous artist warned the Czar of growing class tension |
| social revolutionaries | who believed that the overthrow of Czar would come from the Russian peasants |
| conservatives | the provisional governemnt was mainly composed od |
| Petrograd | the most powerful of the Soviets was located in |
| Febuary Revolution | the overthrow of the Czar is known as the |
| October revolution | te overthrow of the provsional government |
| new economic plan | which economic plan allowed for limit private property and capitalism |
| Union of Soviet Socialist Republics | in 1922 Russia was divided into self governing republics and renamed the |
| stalin and trotsky | 2 men who competed for power after the death of Lenin |
| backwards and harmful | stalin viewed the church as_____ ___ ______ |
| propaganda | in Animal Farm wha does Squealer represemt |
| alcohol | what is Farmer Jones vice |
| Hoof and Horn | what symbols are on the flag at Animal Farm |
| Manor Farm | What does Napoleon rename Animal Farm at the end of the novel |
| napoleon | who hid at the battle of Cowshed |
| working class | what group does Boxer represent in Animal Farm |
| Old Benjamin | which animal refuses to become excited about the windmill |
| it falls in a storm | what is the reason for the windmills inital collapse |
| benjamin | which animal discovers the truth about Boxers destination when the pigs load him into a caryt claiming hes going to a doctor |
| trotsky | which russian leader does snowball most resemble |
| Propaganda | used to influence a populations perception of the war |
| Woodrow WIlson | believed that the war was an opportunity to "make the world safe for democracy" |
| Treaty of Brest Litovsk | pulled Russia out of WWI |
| Lusitania | victim of Germany's unrestricted submarine warfare |
| Total War | when all of a society's resource aare used in the war effort |
| Fourteen Points | basis of Wilson's proposed post war peace plan |
| Franz Ferdinand | assassination sparked the beginning of WWI |
| No Mans Land | area between the oppposing trenches on the Western Front |
| Elan | military tactic of agressive attacks with limited defense or fortifying of land |
| Kaiser William II | destoryed Otto von Bismarck's life long work of keeping Germany out of a two front war |
| League of Nations | international organization created by the Treaty of VErsialles |
| Reparations | Germany was required to pay after signing the war quilt clause |
| Mandate | colonial land control by foreign forced to be given independence once theycould self govvern |
| Self Determination | a basis of the 14 points, called for freedom of individual groups to self govern |
| Militarism | pre war growth of the influence of military leaders and increasing strength of their armies |
| league of nations | which consession did President Wilson demand at te Paris Peace Conferences created the... |
| mobilization of a nation's army | in 1914____ was considered an act of war |
| western front | what was characterized by trench warfare that kept both sides in virtually the same postition for four years |
| central powers | Austria-hungry, bulgaria, Germany, and the Ottoman Empire becam known as the .... |
| treaty of versailles | the treaty signed with Germany that many GErmans felt was a harsh eace |
| national security | france's approach to peace was guided in large part by the desire for ___ ____ |
| total war | WWI was a ___ ___, meaning that it involved a complete mobilization of resources and people |
| the Schieffen Plan | germany's plan for a two front war with Russia and France, which had formed a military alliance |
| Austria | by attacking ____ in May 1915, Italy betrayed Germany and Austria |
| submarine warfare | The US joined the Allies in WWI becaise the Germans used unrestricted _____ ______ |
| treaty of Brest Litovsk | in an attempt to end Russia's involvement in the war, Lenin signed ___________with germany which gave up much Russian territory |
| woodrow wilson | became the spokesperson for a new world order based on democracy and international cooperation |
| mandates | britian ruled Iraq and Palestine as _____ on behalf of the League of Nations but did not OWN the territory |
| 2 | Germany had a ___ front war |
| stalemate | why did both sides in WWI turn to new weapoins- becsue the trench warfare had led to a _____ |
| women | the role of ____ changed during WWI |
| zimmermann note | a proposal by a German offical that Mexico attack the US in return for terrirtory |
| triple alliance | the partnership formed betwen Germany, Austria- Hungary, and Italy in the late 1800s was called the... |
| triple entente | france, russia, GB made up the.... |
| east, west | the two fronts that Germany fought: Russia to the ____, and France to the ____ |
| massive deadlock | what was the immediate result of trench warfare |
| planned economics | across Europe wartime governmetns set up... |
| Slavic state | Austria- Hungary feared that Serbia would create a large ____ ____ |
| did not | the US ____ join the League of Nations |
| My Struggle | Adolf Hitler wrote Mein Kampf, which means "_________" during his brief stay in prison |
| totalitarian | a ___ state is a government that aims to control the political economic sociall intellectual and cultrual lives of its citizens |
| Kristallnacht | a destructive Nazi rampage against the Jews |
| Heinrich Himmler | who set up the Nazi secret force |
| economic depression | an ____ _____ is a period of low economic activity and rising unemployment |
| fascism | glorifies the state above the individual by emphasizing the need for a strong central governemnt led by a dictatorial ruler |
| Francisco Franco | who led the Spanish military in a revolt against the democratic goverment |
| economic depression | the germans belived that Hitler had ended the _____ _____ |
| Nuremburg Laws | these excluded Jews from GErman citizenship and forbade marriages between Jews and Germans |
| Sudetenland | hitler demanded and was given what area in northwestern Czechoslovakia |
| poland | two days after Hitler's invasion of ____, Britian and France declared war on Germany |
| blitzkrieg | Hitler used "lighting war" a new form of atack that used tank divisions supported by air attacks called- this was called... |
| december 7, 1941 | on ________ Japan launched a surprise attack on the US pacificfleet at Pearl Harbor |
| Battle of Midway Island | this was the turning point of the Pacific war |
| extermination | when the Einsatzgruppen proved to be too slow for the Nazis they built special _____ camps in Poland |
| appeasement | Great Britian's policy of _____ toward Germany was based on the beliefe that the satisfaction of reasonable demands would maintain peace in Europe |
| peace for our time | Neville Chamberlain boasted that the Munich Conference meant : "______" |
| Dunkirk | at____ heroic efforts by the British Royal Navy and civilians in private boats managed to evacuate 338,000 allied troops |
| Einsatzgruppen | the ___ were special strike forces charged with the task of roundign up and killing jews |
| the holocaust | the slaughter of European Jews by the nazis became known as what? |
| Manchuria | Japan attacked___ because of their natural resources |
| attack on Poland | what began WWII |
| radar | what recent invention allowed the Brtish to more effectivly defend against German air attacks |
| Battle of Britain | what battle is described "we shall battle on beacher, fields, landing grounds, the street, the hills, we shall never surrender": Winston Churchill |
| they had signed a nonagression pact | why were the Soviets unprepared for Germanys invasion |
| miltary aid | before entering WWII the US had provided GB... |
| Suez Canal | control of Norht Africa was vital to the Allies becaise they needed control of the ___ ___ in order to obtain oil from the Middle East |
| siege of Leningrad | what resulted in the starvation of one million Russian civilians |
| Battle of Coral Sea | the first time the allies had stopped the relentless Japanese advance |
| disapointed | the Soviets were _____ because the Aliied invasion of Europe was delayed |
| Battle of Stalingrad | surrender is forbidden, led to the capture of 90,000 Axis survivors and a crushing defeat for hitler |
| yalta conference | they reahced an agreement on what to do with post war Europe |
| UK | the D Day invasoin of Normandy was ;aunched from |
| Stalingrad | for the USSR what was the turning point in the war in Europe, the victory in _____ |
| Germany, Italy, Japan | Axis powers |
| Final Solution | Hitler's plan included: concentration camps, death camps, and Einsatzgruppen |
| economic | Hitler ended _____ problems by using public works projects and rearmament program |
| third reich | hitlers goal was to create a german empire, or... |
| communism | hitlers political theories DID NOT INCLUDE |
| Indochina's, US | 1940 Japan was forced to decide which it needed more, ______ raw matericals or ___ oil scrap iron |
| Japan | Chang Kaishek in DEcember 1939 ended miltiary effots against the communists and formed a front against... |
| Treaty of Versailles | Hitler was confident that the Western states hat signed the __________ would not ise force to maintain it |
| Third Reich | hitler wanted the USSR in order to secure land and Slavic slaves to strengthen the |
| Italy | which country was refered to as the "soft underbelly" of Europe by Winston Churchill |
| unconditional surrender | at the beginning of 1943 the allies agreed to seek from the Axis Powers nothing short of _______ ______ |
| Chaing Kai shek | recognized as the democratic leader of China |
| 38th parallel | division between North and South Korea |
| Cold War | poltical, economic, and philosophical competion between the US and the USSR |
| UN | consists of general assembly and a security council with 5 permanent members |
| Warsaw Pact | miltary unification of communists states in Eastern Europe in 1955 |
| CIA | collect information openly and through covert methodswhile assisting in military operation |
| Satellite Nation | refers to communist eatern European nations under the influence of the USSR |
| Marshall Plan | Financial relief made available to all European countries after WWII |
| Berlin Airlift | US response to the Soviet blockade of democratic German zones within the largger Soviet zone |
| Mao Zedong | recognized as the communist leader of china |
| Long Telegram | recommendation made by George Kennan on the US policy towards communism |
| Truman Doctrine | policy of the US to assist pro western forces against communism |
| National Security Council | created to asist the president in handling foreign policy and military strategy |
| NATO | originally formed by 12 member nations in a mutual defense pact |
| One World | US original vision of the post war world |
| policy of containment | a commitment to holding communism within the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe |
| Berlin Blockade | Trumans response to the ____ _____ was to airlift all necessary supplies inmto Berlin for almost a year |
| Marshall Plan | american desire to make communism less appealing to Europeams by creating economic prosperity |
| South Korea, USSR | THe UN was able to provide miltary assistance to ____ _____ in 1950 because the ____, boycotted the session of the Security COuncil at which the descision was made |
| Martin Letter | the removal of General MacArthur from command of the US-UN forces during the Korean War occured after the publication of... |
| Chiang Kai Shek | the US su;pported this CHinese leader |
| George Kennan | beginning of the COld War the US followed the ideas of ______ ______ of contaiment towards the USSR |
| Greece and Turkey | Truman Doctrine provided economc assistance to which countries |
| NSC 68 | major extension of the US miltary power and defensive budget |
| containment | result of the Korean War was the long tern change in ______ policy |
| Marshall Plan | restore the economic stablility og European nations after WWII |
| Yugoslavia | US fears about the spread of communism were increased when ___ became a communist nation in 1949 |
| Warsaw Pact | sought to create military alliance between the Soviets and various Eastern European nations |
| soviet Union | which allied country recieved the largest share of German reparations after WWII |
| berlin | soviets blockade land , rail, and water routes into ___ in 1948 in order to force the West to leave |
| buffer zone | soviet leaders wanted contol of the Eastern Europe after WWII because they wanted a ___ ____ of friendly governemnts to protect against attack |
| iron curtain | what did Churchill use as an image to describe the division of Europe |
| communist | the goal of the US when it went to war in Korea was to contain ____ expansion |
| economic aid | Western Europe made sich a rapid recovery after WWII because the US provided massive... |
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