| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Apartheid | the physical separation of different races into different geographic areas |
| Balkanization | the process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities |
| Balkanized | used to describe a small geographic area that could not successfully be organized into one or more stable states because it was inhabited by many ethnicities with complex, long-standing antagonisms towards each other |
| Blockbusting | real estate agents convinced white homeowners living near a black area to sell their houses at low prices, preying on their fears that black families would soon move into the neighborhood and cause property values to decline |
| Centripetal force | an attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state |
| Ethnic cleansing | a process in which a more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogeneous region |
| Ethnicity | identity with a group of people who share the cultural traditions of a particular homeland or hearth |
| Multi-ethnic state | state which contains more than one ethnicity |
| Multinational state | contain two ethnic groups with traditions of self determination that agree to coexist peacefully by recognizing each other as distinct nationalities |
| Nationalism | loyalty and devotion to a nationality |
| Nationality | identity with a group of people who share legal attachment and personal allegiance to a particular country |
| Nation-state | a state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality |
| Race | identity with a group of people who share a biological ancestor |
| Racism | the belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race |
| Racist | a person who subscribes to the beliefs of racism |
| Self-determination | concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves |
| Sharecropper | works fields rented from a landowner and pays the rent by turning over to the landowner a share of the crops |
| Triangular slave trade | a number of European countries adopted an efficient triangular trading pattern; ships left Europe for Africa with cloth and other trade goods, used to buy slaves |
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