7/8 Test
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Created by:
breadquanda on January 31, 2012
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Description:
Pauraka: Political and Cultural Geography
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88 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 ethnic cleansing | the process in which a more powerful ethnic group forcible removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogenous region |
| genocide | the deliberate murdering of people a particular cultural, political, or other kind of group with the purpose of eliminating the group as a whole |
| ethnic neighborhoods | also known as ghettos, these are areas where people of one race or group tend to cluster |
| racism | belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race |
| racist | a person who subscribes to the beliefs of racism |
| blockbusting | a retired real estate technique in which realtors convinced white home owners to sell their houses cheap by playing on their fears of blacks invading the neighborhood, then later selling the homes to black families for very high prices in a cycle that continually transformed all white neighborhoods to all black neighborhoods |
| apartheid | the physical separation of different races into different geographic areas [South Africa] |
| multicultural | a person, group, or area comprised by multiple cultures; having to do with many cultures |
| political geography | the study of how people organized Earth's land into countries and alliances, underlying reasons of arbutrary lines, and the subsequent consequences |
| theocracy | a form of government in which God or a deity is recognized as the supreme civil ruler and his/her laws are interpreted by ecclesiastical authorities |
| nation | a large body of people associated with a particular territory or government |
| state | an area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government that has control over its internal and foreign affairs |
| nation-state | a state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality |
| territorial organization | a political organization that distributes political power in more easily governed units of land |
| state's rights | rights and powers believed to be in the authority of the state rather than the federal government |
| federalism | a system of government in which power is distributed among certain geographical territories rather than concentrated with a central government |
| unitary states | states governed constitutionally as a unity without internal divisions or federalist delegation of powers |
| popular vote | the tally of each individual's vote within a given geographic area |
| electoral vote | the decision of a particular state elector that represents the dominant views of that elector's state |
| electoral college | a certain number of electors from each state proportional to the state's population; each elector chooses a candidate believing they are representing their constituency's choice |
| reapportionment | the process of a relocation of elector seats to defined territory |
| gerrymandering | the designation of voting districts so as to favor a particular political party or candidate |
| microstate | a state or territory small in population and area |
| fragmented state | a state that includes several discontinuous pieces of territory [ie. indonesia] |
| elongated state | a state with a long, narrow shape [ie. italy, chile] |
| rectangular state | a rectangular state [ie. angola] |
| compact state | a state in which the distance from the center to any boundary doesn't vary significantly [ie. poland, uganda] |
| perforated state | a state that completely surrounds another one [ie. italy, south africa] |
| landlocked state | a state that doesn't have a direct outlet to the sea [ie. nepal, vatican city] |
| porupted state | an otherwise compact state with a large projecting extension [ie. namibia, afghanistan] |
| physical boundaries | features that separate two states [water, mountains, desserts] |
| geometric boundaries | political boundaries defined by a straight line, often based on longitude and latitude lines |
| subsequent boundaries | political lines established with the social and cultural characteristics in mind |
| antecedent boundaries | lines established before an area is populated |
| superimposed boundaries | boundaries drawn with little to no consideration of the existing cultural pattern |
| relic boundaries | out of date lines that have endured culturally |
| nationalism | loyalty and devotion to a nationality |
| centripetal force | something that unifies a country |
| centrifugal force | something that tends to divide a country |
| nationalism, unifying institutions, organization and administration, transportation and communication | 4 centripetal and centrifugal forces |
| frontier | a zone where no state exercises complete political control [rainforest] |
| international law of the sea | an agreement signed by 158 countries establishing ownership of the seas |
| colonialism | the official government rule of another state; the effort by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles on such a territory |
| imperialism | the perpetuation of a colonial empire after it is no longer politically sovereign, economic power without a political post |
| self-determination | the right of a nation to govern itself autonomously |
| geopolitics | belief that countries must continue to expand their landbase to stay vibrant, evolved from the organic theory |
| the heartland theory | the theory that whoever controls the largest area, the Eurasian Heartland/the World Island has the potential to control the world |
| the rimland theory | the land around the eurasian heartland is the most important for political control |
| the domino theory | theory that political instability in one country effects other countries in a domino effect |
| international alliances | the alliance of two countries seeking cooperation without giving up autonomy |
| the north/south divide | the economic division between the wealthy countries of europe and north america, japan, and australia and the generally poorer countries of asia, africa, and latin america |
| the east/west divide | the geographic separation between the largely democratic and free market countries of western europe and the americas from the communist and socialist countries of eastern europe and asia |
| white flight | white people leave rapidly as the black population increases |
| ethnicity | identification with a particular group of people with similar cultural traditions |
| nationality | legally: a term encompassing all the citizens of a state most definitions: an identity with a group of people who generally occupy a specific territory bound together by a sense of unity arising from shared ethinicity, customs, belief, or legal status |
| state | a politically organized territory that is administered by a sovereign government |
| nationalism | helps creat unity, can be dangerous, can breed intolerance of others |
| sovereignty | supreme power or authority; the authority of a state to govern itself or another state |
| race | does not exist |
| ethnicity | identity with a group of people who share the cultural traditionsof a particular homeland or hearth; thus customs, characteristics, language, common history, homeland, etc. |
| ethnicity | a socially created system of rules about who belongs and who doesn't belong to a particular group based on actual or perceived commonality of origin, race, culture; tied to place |
| four races of the apartheid | black, white, colored [mixed black and white], asian |
| 1940s | the apartheid was established in the ---- |
| plessy v. ferguson | the supreme court case that concerned a creole man who bought a ticket for a white train and was persecuted |
| jim crow laws | strict segregation laws that came as a result of plessy v. ferguson |
| brown v. board of education | seperate is inherently unequal |
| afrikaaners | farming dutch people who stayed in south africa |
| the great treck | the move north by the afrikaaners when the british invaded south africa after the afrikaaners loss |
| gold | after the great treck, the afrikaaners found ---- |
| 1940s | the afrikaaners win political election and declare indepence becoming one of the first free African countries |
| black majority | south africa is currently run politically by the ----- |
| political geography | a subfield within the human branch of geography that studies the interaction of geographical area and political process, the formal study of territoriality |
| japan | an example of a nation state |
| territorial organization | different departments control different branches such as education |
| state | a politically organized territory administered by a sovereign government recognized by a significant portion of the international community must contain: a permanent resident population, an organized economy |
| knox and marston | economics is eroding the significance of borders states are under attack from above (global economics) and from below (ethnic communities) states are still powerful and can respond |
| god, gold, glory | 3 reasons for colonialism |
| imperialism | economic power but no political post |
| the world island | eurasia |
| lebensraum | acquiring living space for germans (hitler's justification for quest for e. european territories and resources) |
| North Atlantic Treaty Organization | NATO |
| South East Asia Treaty Organization | SEATO |
| European Union | EU |
| North American Free Trade Association | NAFTA |
| OPEC | produce and export oil |
| pitcairn | smallest colony |
| peurto rico | largest colony |
| containment theory | the us gov. came up with in in the 1950s, it was based on the domino affect, it said that china and russia had to be contained to the heartland because if the expanded to the rimland communism would spread to all other countries |
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