MED-105 - AP1: Chapter 25 Nervous system
About this set
Created by:
valpopov on January 31, 2012
Subjects:
anatomy and physiology nervous system
Description:
Review and study for nervous system
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40 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Function of the nervous system | controls and maintains balance in all other organ systems |
| two major divisions | CNS = central nervous system and PNS = peripheral nervous system |
| Somatic nervous system | = governs skeletal muscles |
| Autonomic nervous system | = in charge of autonomic functions |
| 3 types of Nerve cells | sensory neuron, interneuron, and motor neuron |
| an interneuron is also called: | a connecting neuron, or an associative neuron |
| Sensory neurons | = afferent nerves that pick up information from receptors at the tip of dendrites |
| Motor neurons | = efferent neurons; bring impulses to from CNS to PNS and activate muscles and stimulate glands to secrete |
| Interneurons | = go-between, or are interpreters, between the afferent and efferent |
| function of neurons | = functional cells of the nervous system that transmit impulses |
| structure of a neuron | dendrites, body, and axon (AXONS AWAY!) |
| Effectors | = muscles or glands (tissues that are effected are called effector - remember "o" for "on", they are effected "on") |
| Neurolglia | = support cells for other neurons (they are "gleeful in their duties to help ♪♫ ~ whistle while you work ~ ♪♫ |
| Cell body | = contains nucleus |
| Axons | = single long branch that carries information away from cell body |
| Dendrites | = multiple small branches that receive information |
| Schwann cells | = produce myelin sheath on axons in PNS. That makes them transmit faster. (Swans flying from the pond - or skipping stones on the pond) |
| Myelin | = fatty substance that insulates axons |
| White matter | = has myelinated axons (White lightning - FAST!) |
| Gray matter | = has unmyelinated axon (Gray and "old" are slow) |
| Action potential | = the imulpse that travels along a nerve fiber |
| Synaptic knob | ................... |
| Neurotransmitters | =chemicals messengers that carry an impulse across a synaptic cleft |
| Blood-brain barrier | = becomes more permeable if CNS is inflamed (inflammation "spreads the fingers apart" so becomes more "open" for things to pass through) |
| Meninges | = membranes that protect the brain and spinal cord |
| Arachnoid mater | = middle layer of the meninges that has a spider web-like appearance |
| Dura mater | = toughest outermost layer of the meninges (Tha TUFF MUTHA' ~ tough mother) |
| Subarachnoid space | = area between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater that contains CSF sea ess eff |
| CSF | = cerebral spinal fluid |
| Spinal cord | - slender structure that is continuous with the brain, ends around the first lumbar vertebra |
| Gray matter in spinal cord contains ______ cell bodies | neuron |
| Ascending tracts | - carry sensory information to the brain |
| Descending tracts | = carry motor information from the brain to the muscles and glands |
| Reflex | = an automatic response to a stimulus |
| Brain - divided into _______ areas | 4. cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum |
| Corpus callosum | the bridge of tissue between the left and right hemispheres |
| Sulci (sul-K-EYE) | = grooves on the surface of the cerebrum |
| Gyri (JAI-r-eye) | Gyri = rounded ridge (hill) between the sulci (valleys) |
| ... | Brain stem = connects the cerebrum to the spinal cord Pons = has tracks connecting the cerebrum to the cerebellum Medulla oblongata = controls vital activities like heart rate and breathing |
| ... | Lobes = frontal, parietal, temporal, occipi |
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