Chapter 3 - Nutritition
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Created by:
GeauxTigers310 on February 1, 2012
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30 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Atoms | The smallest units of an element that retain the properties of the element. |
| Molecules | Units of two or more atoms of the same or different elements bonded together. |
| Cells | The basic structural and functional units of living things. |
| Organs | Discrete structures composed of more than one tissue that perform a specialized function. |
| Hormones | Chemical messengers that are produced in one location in the body, released into the blood, and travel to other locations, where they elicit responses. |
| Digestion | The process by which food is broken down into components small enough to be absorbed into the body. |
| Absorption | The process of taking substances from the gastrointestinal tract into the interior of the body. |
| Feces | Body waste, including unabsorbed food residue, bacteria, mucus, and dead cells, which is eliminated from the gastrointestinal tract by way of the anus. |
| Enzymes | Protein molecules that accelerate the rate of specific chemical reactions without themselves being changed. |
| Saliva | A watery fluid that is produced and secreted into the mouth by the salivary glands. In contains lubricants, enzymes, and other substances. |
| Epiglottis | A piece of elastic connective tissue that covers the opening to the lungs during swallowing. |
| Peristalsis | Coordinated muscular contractions that move material through the GI tract. |
| Chyme | A semiliquid food mass formed in the stomach |
| Amylase | An enzyme that breaks down starches into sugars. |
| Protease | An enzyme that breaks down proteins. |
| Lipases | An enzyme responsible for breaking fats down into fatty acids. |
| Bile | A digestive fluid made in the liver and stored in the gall bladder that is released into the small intestine, where it aids in fat digestion and absorption. |
| Simple Diffusion | The unassisted diffusion of a substance across the cell membrane. |
| Osmosis | The unassisted diffusion of water across the cell membrane. |
| Facilitated Diffusion | Assisted diffusion of a substance across the cell membrane. |
| Active Transport | The transport of substances across a cell membrane with the aid of a carrier molecule and the expenditure of energy. |
| Antigen | A foreign substance that, when introduced into the body, stimulates and immune response. |
| Antibodies | Proteins, released by a type of lymphocyte, that interact with and deactivate specific antigens. |
| Allergen | A substance that causes an allergic reaction. |
| Heartburn | A burning sensation in the chest or throat caused when acidic stomach contents leak back into the esophagus. |
| Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) | A chronic condition in which acidic stomach contents leak into the esophagus, causing pain and damaging the esophagus. |
| Peptic Ulcers | Open sores in the lining of the stomach, esophagus, or upper small intestine. |
| Capillaries | Small, thin walled blood vessels through which blood and the body's cells exchange gases and nutrients. |
| Lacteals | Lymph vessels in the villi of the small intestine that pick up particles containing the products of fat digestion. |
| ATP | A high-energy molecule that the body uses to power activities that require energy. |
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