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Northern advantages? Much greater population, had 4.5:1 advantage of men military age, industrial production is much greater, wealth greater, railroads, economic stability, better agriculture except for cotton Southern advantages? Strong military, better military generals, fighting on the defense, a cause, cotton. What did both sides think at the start of the war? That it would be a quick, almost bloodless battle. Southern strategy? Defensive, sought only to protect territories, border defense causes South to spread troops out early. Northern strategy? Offensive, fighting to take back South, had to adjust their training to compensate for the fighting in the South. Southern reaction to war? Ecstatic- were winning in strides in beginning, allowed to secede. Why was the Civil War unique? It affected everyone; everyone was aware of it. Union generals? Winfield Scott, Irwin McDough, George McClellan, Ambrose Burnside, Joseph Hooker, George Mead, Ulysses S. Grant Confederate generals? Stonewall Jackson, George Picket, James Longstreet, Nathan Bedford Forrest (1st grand wizard of kkk), Jeb Stuart, Robert E. Lee Emancipation Proclamation? Written by Lincoln, abolished slavery in all southern states. (Didn't free any slaves, Union had no control over the Confederacy), didn't free any in the border states so that they would stay in the Union. What happened as the South tried to finance the war? Can't pass any taxes, treasury notes, then tons of paper money printed by the Confederate g'vt, causes severe inflation (couldn't back it up). Wages can't keep up with inflation, people forced to leave cities and squat, food riots begin, poor finances hurt the Confederates' war efforts. Northern financing of the war? Sound economy to start war, huge economic boom following war. What was the Legal Tender Act? Allowed the g'vt to print greenbacks, or paper money. Didn't hurt the economy because they had the gold to support it, unlike the South. Southern diplomatic efforts? England, France, North depended on cotton for their textile mills, South thought need would make Europeans side with them. Placed embargo, failed. Confederates argued that the blockade would work better, British protested blockade but took no action even after ships were seized. Failllll Draft in Confederacy? Enact conscription laws early on; had less volunteers and people. Draft in Union? Ask for volunteers, eventually enact a conscription law. Expectations for women in war? Show support, but remain in their boundaries, sacrifice men for war, provide spiritual guidance and support through writing letters. Support themselves, family, homes. South- expected to help provide equipment and clothing. What did women expect in return during war? Assistance in meeting material needs, protection from enemy attacks, information from the front, honorable conduct by soldiers. How did women move outside traditional roles? Nursing, working in factories, farming, running business and plantations. How did it begin? Confederate attack on Fort Sumter, April 12th, 1861 How long did it last? 1861-1865, 4 years How did it end? Ended with Confederate surrender at Appomattox Courthouse, VA by Robert E. Lee.