Chapter 19, 21, & 22 Test
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Created by:
elleecunningham on February 1, 2012
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Based on Jones's Test Review
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61 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 gold, God, glory | What are the three factors that encouraged exploration? |
| ??????? | Who controlled early trade in the Mediterranean after the crusades? |
| conquered Ceuta in North Africa; founded navigation school in Portugal | What were Prince *HENRY's contributions to Portugal? |
| treaty between Spain and Portugal, agreed to imaginary line dividing Spanish and Portuguese land | What was the purpose of the Treaty of Tordesillas? |
| Portugal, Spain, Dutch, English, French | What countries were involved in exploration? |
| Hongwu | Who became the first Ming emperor? |
| Zheng He | Who was the great admiral for the Chinese during their exploration? |
| Chinese scholar-officials complained waste of valuable resources | Why were Zheng He's voyages stopped? |
| Only gov. conduct foreign trade through 3 ports (but really smuggling flourished); Chinese oppose Christianity * | How did the Chinese regard with foreign countries interested in trade and religion? |
| Korea | Who did the Qing make a vassal state to China? |
| Yuan --> Ming --> Qing | What is the order of dynastic rule in China from 1300s to 1700s? |
| Emperor --> Daimyo(landowners)/Shogon(actual ruler) --> Samurai Warriors (loyal to daimyo/shogoin) --> Peasants/Artisans/Merchants | What is the order of power within Japanese feudalism? |
| Unified Japan; sole ruler (shogon); moved capital to Edo (later Tokyo); "tamed" the daimyo"; founded "Tokugawa Shogunate" = stability in Japan | What are the achievements of Tokugawa Ieyasu? |
| kabuki theater (skits about modern urban life); paintings = woodblock prints (show city life); stories of self-made merchants/hardships of life; haiku poetry (images, not ideas) | What was the culture under the Tokugawa Shogunate? |
| Closed Country Policy (closed Japan from all Euro. customs and ideas) | What was Japanese policy toward European contact? |
| practice where one government department (monarch/dictator) has total power over the whole country | What is absolutism? |
| common defense of absolutism; idea that rulers were given right by God to control the whole country | What is "divine right"? |
| * | What is the lineage of the Bourbon Dynasty? |
| Cardinal Mazarin was true ruler when Louis was a "boy king"; ended 30 Years War (=France most powerful in Europe); increased taxes and strengthened central gov | What was the role of Cardinals during King Louis XIV's rule? |
| The Palace at Versailles; nobles forced to live and work here, intendants given more power = less power to nobles and more to himself | How did Louis XIV control his nobility? |
| invaded Spanish Netherlands (gained 12 towns); invaded Dutch Netherlands (gained several towns and region); War of the Spanish Succession (Bourbon dynasty power increases to Spain; other countries feel threatened) * | What wars did Louis XIV involve in? |
| * | Family rule in Central Europe -- what countries did they rule, family name |
| Czar of Russia; created a secret police force (search for wife's "murderer") to kill nobles; took land from boyars (nobles) and gave to people he favored | Who was "Ivan the Terrible"? |
| Peter I; Czar of Russia; part of Romanov dynasty; reduced power of wealthy land owners and gave more power to low-ranking people; enforced a beard tax; made heavy taxes for his army; westernized Russia | Who was "Peter the Great"? |
| Line of Russian czars that ruled for 300 years; related to Ivan's wife Anastasia; restored order to Russia | What was the Romanov Dynasty? |
| James I --> Charles I --> Oliver Cromwell --> Charles II --> James II --> William and Mary | What is the order of the English Monarchy in the 17th century? |
| laws limit a ruler's power | What is a constitutional monarchy? |
| ignored Parliament; raised taxes without Parliament's consent; not get along with Puritan members of Parliament; authorized translation "King James Bible" | What occurred during James I's reign of England? |
| dissolved Parliament when they refused $; Petition of Right signed but ignored; dissolved Parliament; wanted same religion for England; Civil War between Royalists/Cavaliers (Charles's supporters) and Roundheads (Puritan supporters); put on public trial and execution | What occurred during Charles I's reign of England? |
| (not a monarch) abolished monarchy and House of Lords; constitution drafted then destroyed = military dictator; crushed Ireland rebellion; promoted Puritan morality and abolished "sinful activities"; welcomed all regions (Jews!) except Catholics | What occurred during Oliver Cromwell's reign of England? |
| asked by newly formed Parliament to rule; restored monarchy = Restoration; Parliament passed habeas corpus | What occurred during Charles II's reign of England? |
| offended by appointing Catholics to high office; dissolved Parliament; daughter Mary (married to Protestant William of Orange) asked to overthrow him = Glorious Revolution | What occurred during James II's reign of England? |
| Glorious Revolution!; recognized Parliament as partner in gov.; constitutional monarchy; Bill of Rights limits royal power; cabinet developed | What occurred during William and Mary's reign of England? |
| Nicolaus Copernicus; sun-centered theory | Who developed the heliocentric theory, and what was it? |
| Danish astronomer; recorded data of movements of planets around sun | Who was Tycho Brahe? |
| Brahe's assistant; demonstrated Brahe's data through mathematics that planets revolve around sun | Who was Johannes Kepler? |
| law of pendulum; falling objects accelerates at fixed and predictable rate; dif. weights fall at same speed; builds telescope; supports Copernicus | What were Galileo's discoveries? |
| trial before Inquisition; church threatens torture = agrees his findings are false; house arrest until death | What happened to Galileo when he contradicted the church? |
| developed experimental method | Who was Francis Bacon? |
| linked algebra and geometry; everything doubted until proved by reason (helped advance scientific method) | Who was Rene Descartes? |
| objets attract to each other on earth and in universe | What did Newton discover? |
| all humans naturally selfish and wicked; gov. job to keep order; people give up some rights to gain order; best gov.: absolute monarchy | What were the main ideas of Thomas Hobbes? |
| people have natural rights (life, liberty, property); purpose of gov=protect natural rights and failure to do so=people have right to overthrow | What were the main ideas of John Locke? |
| fought for freedom of speech and religion | What were the main ideas of Voltaire? |
| gov. should have separation of powers | What were the main ideas of Montesquieu? |
| gov. corrupted people's natural goodness; only good gov=formed by people and guided by will of society | What were the main ideas of Rousseau? |
| speedy trial; laws for order (not revenge!); against cruel punishment; degree of punishment depends on crime | What were the main ideas of Beccaria? |
| women need edu. to become useful (doctors, politics, edu=better moms) | What were the main ideas of Mary Wollstonecraft? |
| French "philosopher"; wrote on reason, nature, happiness, progress, liberty | What was a "Philosophe"? |
| * | How ideas of Enlightenment circulated |
| light/dark contrast; sensual * | Baroque art and literature during the Enlightenment |
| * | Characteristics of the Enlightened Despots |
| Colonists upset with: navigation acts, stamp acts, boston tea party, british occupy of Boston; colonists feel less identity with Britain than with colony | What events lead up to the American Revolution? |
| gave weak national gov | What were the reasons in revising the Articles of Confederation? |
| New constitution ratified: federal system of gov; bill of rights | What were the results of the 1787 Constitutional Convention? |
| Restoration | After Oliver Cromwell died, Charles II became king and restored the monarchy. What period is this known as? |
| Maria Theresa | Who was the famous queen of Austria during the 17th century? |
| Declaration of religious tolerance (Huguenots could live, work, and worship in France) | What was the Edict of Nantes? |
| Louis XIV | Who cancelled the Edict of Nantes? |
| ended war between France and Spanish Netherlands (France gained region and several towns) | What was the Treaty of Nijmegen? |
| Philip of Anjou (Louis XIV's grandson) | In the war of Spanish Succession, who gained the throne of Spain? |
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