Social Psych Ch 1
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43 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Social Psychology | the study of how people think about, influence and relate to one another |
| Social Neuroscience | an integration of biological and social perspectives that explores the neural and psychological bases of social and emotional behaviors |
| Culture | enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next |
| Social Representation | socially shared beliefs—widely held ideas and values, including our assumptions and cultural ideologies. Our social representations help us make sense of our world |
| Hindsight Bias | the tendency to exaggerate, after learning an outcome, one's ability to have foreseen how something turned out. AKA: "I knew it all along phenomenon" |
| Theory | an integrated set of principles that explain and predict observed events |
| Hypothesis | testable proposition that describes a relationship that may exist between events |
| Field Research | research done in natural, real-life settings outside the lab |
| Correlational Research | study of the naturally occurring relationships among variables |
| Experimental Research | studies that seek clues to cause-effect relationships by manipulating one or more factors (IVs) while controlling others (holding them constant) |
| Random Sample | survey procedure in which every person in the population being studied has an equal chance of inclusion |
| Framing | the way a question or an issue is posed; framing can influence people's decisions and expressed opinions |
| IV | manipulated |
| DV | measured |
| Random Assignment | process of assigning participants to the conditions of an experiment such that all persons have the same chance of being in a given condition. |
| Random Assignment vs. Random Sampling | RA helps us infer cause and effect. RS helps us generalize to a population |
| Mundane Realism | degree to which an experiment is superficially similar to everyday situations |
| Experimental Realism | degree to which an experiment absorbs and involves is participants |
| Deception | effect by which participants are misinformed or misled about the study's methods and purposes |
| Demand Characteristics | cues in an experiment that tell the participant what behavior is expected |
| Informed Consent | An ethical principle requiring that research participants be told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate |
| Debriefing | postexperimental explanation of a study to its participants. Discloses any deception and queries their understandings and feelings |
| Fundamental Attribution Error | tendency to focus on dispositions or personal factors and not situational factors |
| Self-Serving Bias | explaining your own failure with a situational explanation and explain successes with dispositional explanations |
| Dr. Arthur Mendelson Quote | see what everyone else does not see or chooses not to see out of fear, conformity or laziness |
| Mendelson Fear | ego threats, loss of control leads to biases |
| Mendelson Conformity | go along with majority behaviors and beliefs. not bad or good, tend to think all common sense is true |
| Mendelson Laziness | cognitive laziness, not think as much as you could |
| Heuristics | mental shortcut |
| Self-Fulfilling Prophecy | if you expect something to happen, it's more likely to happen |
| Racial IQ Gap | "achievement gap" average finding is that white kids outscore black kids |
| Social Comparison Theory | judge ourselves in comparison with other people |
| Core Theories | Cognitive Dissonance Theory, Social Comparison Theory, Attribution Theory |
| Cognitive Dissonance Theory | discomfort caused by inconsistency Ex: Smoking is bad vs. Smoking |
| Social Comparison Theory | compare ourselves with other people |
| Attribution Theory | explanations of other people's behaviors |
| Relation to Personality Psych | personality and situations can interact, situations can change traits, trait moderator studies |
| Personality and Situations can interact | some situations bring out greater (or constrain) expression of traits |
| Trait | relatively stable and consistent over time |
| Situations can change traits | traumatic events, long term exposure |
| Trait Moderator Studies | show that people high on a particular trait react differently to different social situations |
| Relation to Clinical Psych | attribution theory can inform treatment of depression |
| Depressive Attributional Style | how typical depressed people explain their failures. come up with internal attributions |
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