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Muhammad He preached the word of Allah. He fled from Mecca in fear of his life adn went to Medina, where he gained many supporters. He and his followers later captured Mecca. Allah God of Muslims who spoke through angel Gabriel to Muhammad and told him to spread his word. Khadija The wife and business partner of Muhammad Bedouins Desert nomads whose way of life became part of the Islamic way of life "Rightly Guided Caliphs" Abu-Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali were the successors (caliphs) of Muhammad that spread religion/ enpire by using the Qur'an and Muhammad's actions Ummayyads Took over from caliphs and set up a hereditary system of succession Shi'a "Party" of Ali who thought that the caliph needed to be a descendent of the Prophet Sunni Followers of Muhammad's example who did not outwardly resist Umayyads Sufi Lived a life of poverty and devotion to spirtual path in protest of the luxurios life of the Umayyads Caliph Al-Mansur He chose Baghdad as the capital and he built this city strategically Caliph Al-Ma'mun He opened up the House of Wisdom in Baghdad Al-Razi Greatest Physician of Muslim world who died poor because he paid for poor's medical treatment Mecca Major Islamic religious center in present day Saudi Arabia Petra and Palmyra Prosporous trading centers Yathrib/ Medina North of Mecca, the place where Muhammad gained his support and followers Baghdad Important trade city of the Tigris River; home of The House of Wisdom caliph "Successor to the Prophet" Islam "Submission to the will of Allah" Muslim "One who has submitted" (to the will of Allah) Hijrah Muhammad's migration to Yathrib/ Medina hajj Pilgrimage to Mecca monotheism The belief in only one god, Allah