American Citizenship chapters 3 and 4
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jessicamartin07 on November 6, 2007
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47 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Benjammin Franklin | Was the oldest of the delegates. He represented PA, he was 81, he was a famous diplomat, writer, inventor, and scientist. |
| George Washington | was the delegate who presided over the convention. He was widely respected because of his good leadership skills. |
| Constitution Convention | The meeting in Phillie inwhich the 55 delegates tried to make a whole new gov. |
| Virginia Plan | Was the plan that James Madison proposed that there should be three branches of Gov. They were the legislative, executive, and the judicial branch. |
| Legislative Branch | This branch was the lawmakers |
| Executive Branch | This branch carried out the laws |
| Judicial Branch | This branch consisted of a system of courts that interpreted the laws. |
| New Jersey Plan | This plan was proposed by William Paterson, who proposed that there would also be 3 branches in the Gov. But the legislature would only have 1 house, and each state would only have one vote. |
| The Great Compromise | This plan or compromise was proposed by Roger Sherman, He proposed that the Congress would have two houses. A Senate and a House of Reps. Each state would have equal representation. And they would be based on population. |
| 3/5s Compromise | In this compromise, delegates agreed that every 5 enslaved persons would count as 3 persons. |
| Electoral College | a group of people who would be named by each state legislature to select the president and the vice president |
| Federalist | The people who wanted the Constitution or document. |
| federalism | a form of Gov in which power is divided between the federal, or national, gov and the states. |
| Anti-Federalist | The people that opposed the Constitution, they felt that it was given too much power to the national Gov. |
| Preamble | Is the opening section of the Constution.... Tells why the Constitution was written |
| amendment | Any change to the Constitution. |
| Bill of Rights | The first 10 amendment were added in 1791 |
| income tax | a tax on people earnings. |
| Amendment process | It involves two steps: proposal and ratification, The first step is congressional action. And there has to be 2/3s of the members of both houses of Congress is required. |
| popular soverenty | The notion that powers lies with the people. |
| Rule of Law | This means that this law applies to everyone |
| Separation of Powers | To protect against abuse of power and the possiblity of one person or group gaining too much power |
| Checks and Balances | This system helps to keep one branch from becoming to powerful. Each Branch of Gov is able to check, or restrain, the power of the others. |
| expressed powers | these specific powers are granted to the national Gov. Are called enumerated. |
| reserved powers | These powers are not specifically given to the national Gov. But are kept by the states. |
| Supremecy of the Constitution | In a federal system the laws of a state and the laws of the nation may conflict. So the Framers included this in Article VI. And other laws and treaties made by the national Gov. |
| First Amendment | This amendment held the Freedom of religion (The Pilgrims) Freedom of Speech Example: (Black arm bands of 1965) Freedom of Press Ex: (censorship- cannot ban printed materials or films merely because of the alarming ideas. Freedom to Petition Ex: All americans can write to the Gov |
| Slander | This is one of the limitations of the 1st amendment. If you spread lies to ruin a political leaders reputation and are spoken. |
| libel | This is one of the limitations of the 1st amendment. If the lies of a poltical leader is printed. |
| Fourth amendment | What amendment? Protects Americans against unreasonable searches and seizures. No soldier, Gov agent, or police can search your home without a search warrant. |
| Search warrant | If an authority figure has reason to believe that you have committed a crime, and they can ask a judge to issue a search warrant |
| indictment | 5th amendment-is a federal charge by a group of citizens by a grand jury. |
| Grand Jury | 5th amendment- who review the evidence against the accused. |
| Double Jeopardy | 5th amendment- This means that people who are accused of a crime and judged not guilty may not be put on trial again for the same crime. |
| Eminent Domain | 5th amendment- is the right for the Gov to take private property (land) for public use. |
| Due Process | 5th amendment- means to follow established legal procedures. |
| Bail | Eighth amendment- is a sum of money used as a security deposit |
| importance of the 10th amendment | Under this amendment, any powers that are not specifically give to the national Gov are reserved to the states or to the people. 2. this amendment keeps the president and the congress from getting too much power. |
| manumission | 10th amendment- This was the voluntary freeing of the enslaved persons, especially those who had fought in the Revolution. |
| suffrage | 15th amendment- the right to vote to African Americans, Women and African Americans could now vote because of this amendment. |
| poll taxes | 24th amendment- required voters to give a small supply of money to cast a vote on a ballot. |
| 24th amendment | made it illegal to have a tax on a ballot because many poor african and white americans could not afford that tax and there for could not vote. |
| discrimination | or unfair treatment based on prejudice against a group |
| segregation | The social seperation of the races |
| civil rights | the rights of full citizenship and equality under the law. |
| affirmative action | programs to try to make up for the past discrimination. |
| racial profiling | to be singled out as suspects because of the way they look. Or hate crimes which are acts of violence based on a person's race, color, national origin, gender, or disablity. |
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