| Term | Definition |
|---|
| heredity | the transmission of traits from one generation to another is called inheritance, or ______ |
| variation | offspring differ somewhat in appearance from parents and siblings |
| genetics | ______ is the scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation |
| genes | parents give their offspring encoded information in the form of hereditary units called ______ |
| locus | a gene's specific location along the length of a chromosome is called the gene's _____ |
| asexual reproduction | in _____ _________, a single individual is the sole parent and passes copies of all its genes to its offspring |
| clone | an individual that reproduces asexually gives rise to a _____, a group of genetically identical individuals |
| sexual reproduction | in _______ _________, two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combos of genes inherited from the parents |
| life cycle | a ____ ______ is the genereation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism, from conception to production of its own offspring |
| somatic cell | in humans, each ____ ______ (any cell except gametes) has 46 chromosomes |
| sex chromosomes; autosomes | X and Y chromosomes are ___ _________. the other chromosomes are called _______ |
| diploid cell | any cell with two chromosomes is called a _____ _____ |
| haploid cells | gametes contain a single chromosome set; they are _____ ______ |
| fertilization | the union of gametes is called __________ |
| zygote | the resulting fertilized egg, or ______, is diploid because it contains two haploid sets of chromosomes bearing genes representing the maternal and paternal family lines |
| meiosis | the hypothetical situation of constantly increasing chromosome number is sexually reproducing organisms is avoided through the process of ________ |
| alternation of generations | plants and osme species of algae exhibit a second type of life cycle called _______ __ _________ |
| sporophyte | the multicellular diploid stage is called _________ |
| spores | meiosis in the sporophyte produces haploid cells called _________ |
| gametophyte | a spore divides mitotically to generate a multicellular haploid stage called the __________ |
| recombinant chromosomes | crossing over produces ________ __________, individual chromosomes that carry genes (DNA) derived from two different parents |
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