- active viruses: viruses that immediately begin reproducing once in cell
- AIDS virus: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; fatal, viral infectious disease that destroys immune system
- algae: a sub-kingdom of protist; plant-like protists
- annelids: animal phylum; complex, segmented worms
- antenna: sensory devices usually for touch, used by some arthropods
- antibiotics: medication; chemical that that kills bacteria without damaging person's cells
- arachnids: arthropod class; two body parts
- archaebacteria: a kingdom; most primitive (ancient); are simple prokaryotes
- Aristotle: classified life by how things moved
- arthropods: largest animal phylum; antenna, exoskeleton, include crustaceans, arachnids, and insects
- asexual reproduction: one parent, two identical offspring
- bacilli: rod-shaped eubacteria
- bacteriopahge: "bacteria-eater" virus that infects bacteria
- binary fission: method of asexual reproduction; one cell divides to make two
- binominal nomenclature: 1st part: genus; 2nd: species --- naming system used by Linnaeus
- carnivores: meat eaters
- Carolus Linnaeus: first to use binominal nomenclature
- Carolus Linnaeus: classified life by observable features
- chordates: most complex animal phylum; nerve cord, notochord
- class: third largest group of classification
- classification: the grouping of things based on similarities and differences
- cnidarians: animal phylum; sac-bodied carnivores with tentacles (jellyfish)
- cocci: spherical eubacteria
- cold-blooded: cannot maintain body temperature (all living things except birds and mammals)
- conjugation: simple method of sexual reproduction; two bacteria echange genetic material - have new genetic make-up
- crustaceans: arthropod class; one body part
- decomposers: nature's recyclers; bacteria that break down dead organisms
- echinoderms: animal phylum; spiny skin, endoskeleton (starfish)
- endoskeleton: skeleton inside covered only by skin
- endospore: small, rounded resting cell made from existing cell - contains genetic material
- eubacteria: a kingdom; modern bacteria; more complex prokaryotes
- exoskeleton: skeleton outside body
- family: fifth largest group of classification
- fertile: able to successfully reproduce
- flagellum: long, thin structures of bacterial cells; helps cell move
- fungi: a kingdom; multicellular eukaryotes; reproduce by spores
- genus: first part of scientific name
- genus: sixth largest group of classification
- hidden viruses: viruses that remain dormant for awhile before beginning to reproduce
- host: organism that provides life for a parasite
- host: cell with virus invading it
- hydra: example of cnidarian (microscopic)
- infectious disease: illnesses that pass from one organism to another; caused by bacteria, viruses
- insects: arthropod class; three body parts
- invertebrates: chordate sub-phylum; no bones
- kingdom: 6 of these; largest group of classification
- mantle: membrane that secretes (makes) shell
- mollusks: animal phylum; soft body, at least one muscular foot, maybe a shell (clam)
- nematoda: animal phylum; parasitic round worms
- notochord: holds up nerve in back (spine / cartilage)
- order: fourth largest group of classification
- organs: made of different tissues - has one function
- parasitic: living off of a living host
- phylum: second largest group of classification
- planaria: example of platyhelminthes
- platyhelminthes: animal phylum; parasitic flat worms
- poriferates: animal phylum; pourous bodies, few specialized cells (sponges)
- prey: what is eaten
- prokaryotes: primitive organisms; have no separate nucleus
- protist: a kingdom; one-celled eukaryotes
- protozoan: a sub-kingdom of protist; animal-like protists
- scientific name: modern term for binominal nomenclature
- segmented: have lines
- sexual reproduction: two parents combine genetic material to produce original offspring
- species: seventh largest group of classification; produce fertile offspring
- species: second part of scientific name
- spirilli: spiral-shaped eubacteria
- symmetry: how living things are reflected physically
- taxonomy: the science of classification
- tentacles: specialized tissue; muscular arms (jellyfish)
- toxin: poison produced by infectious disease
- vaccine: preventative solution to infectious diseases; small amount of illness to build up immune system
- vertebrates: chordate sub-phylum; bones
- virus: small, dead particle that invades and reproduces in a living cell
- warm-blooded: maintains body temperature (birds, mammals)