| Term | Definition |
|---|
| classification | the grouping of things based on similarities and differences |
| taxonomy | the science of classification |
| Aristotle | classified life by how things moved |
| Carolus Linnaeus | classified life by observable features |
| binominal nomenclature | 1st part: genus; 2nd: species --- naming system used by Linnaeus |
| scientific name | modern term for binominal nomenclature |
| fertile | able to successfully reproduce |
| kingdom | 6 of these; largest group of classification |
| phylum | second largest group of classification |
| class | third largest group of classification |
| order | fourth largest group of classification |
| family | fifth largest group of classification |
| genus | sixth largest group of classification |
| species | seventh largest group of classification; produce fertile offspring |
| Carolus Linnaeus | first to use binominal nomenclature |
| genus | first part of scientific name |
| species | second part of scientific name |
| archaebacteria | a kingdom; most primitive (ancient); are simple prokaryotes |
| prokaryotes | primitive organisms; have no separate nucleus |
| eubacteria | a kingdom; modern bacteria; more complex prokaryotes |
| protist | a kingdom; one-celled eukaryotes |
| protozoan | a sub-kingdom of protist; animal-like protists |
| algae | a sub-kingdom of protist; plant-like protists |
| fungi | a kingdom; multicellular eukaryotes; reproduce by spores |
| parasitic | living off of a living host |
| poriferates | animal phylum; pourous bodies, few specialized cells (sponges) |
| symmetry | how living things are reflected physically |
| organs | made of different tissues - has one function |
| cnidarians | animal phylum; sac-bodied carnivores with tentacles (jellyfish) |
| tentacles | specialized tissue; muscular arms (jellyfish) |
| carnivores | meat eaters |
| hydra | example of cnidarian (microscopic) |
| prey | what is eaten |
| platyhelminthes | animal phylum; parasitic flat worms |
| planaria | example of platyhelminthes |
| nematoda | animal phylum; parasitic round worms |
| annelids | animal phylum; complex, segmented worms |
| segmented | have lines |
| mollusks | animal phylum; soft body, at least one muscular foot, maybe a shell (clam) |
| mantle | membrane that secretes (makes) shell |
| echinoderms | animal phylum; spiny skin, endoskeleton (starfish) |
| endoskeleton | skeleton inside covered only by skin |
| arthropods | largest animal phylum; antenna, exoskeleton, include crustaceans, arachnids, and insects |
| exoskeleton | skeleton outside body |
| antenna | sensory devices usually for touch, used by some arthropods |
| crustaceans | arthropod class; one body part |
| arachnids | arthropod class; two body parts |
| insects | arthropod class; three body parts |
| chordates | most complex animal phylum; nerve cord, notochord |
| notochord | holds up nerve in back (spine / cartilage) |
| invertebrates | chordate sub-phylum; no bones |
| vertebrates | chordate sub-phylum; bones |
| warm-blooded | maintains body temperature (birds, mammals) |
| cold-blooded | cannot maintain body temperature (all living things except birds and mammals) |
| spirilli | spiral-shaped eubacteria |
| cocci | spherical eubacteria |
| bacilli | rod-shaped eubacteria |
| flagellum | long, thin structures of bacterial cells; helps cell move |
| binary fission | method of asexual reproduction; one cell divides to make two |
| asexual reproduction | one parent, two identical offspring |
| sexual reproduction | two parents combine genetic material to produce original offspring |
| conjugation | simple method of sexual reproduction; two bacteria echange genetic material - have new genetic make-up |
| endospore | small, rounded resting cell made from existing cell - contains genetic material |
| decomposers | nature's recyclers; bacteria that break down dead organisms |
| infectious disease | illnesses that pass from one organism to another; caused by bacteria, viruses |
| toxin | poison produced by infectious disease |
| antibiotics | medication; chemical that that kills bacteria without damaging person's cells |
| vaccine | preventative solution to infectious diseases; small amount of illness to build up immune system |
| virus | small, dead particle that invades and reproduces in a living cell |
| host | cell with virus invading it |
| bacteriopahge | "bacteria-eater" virus that infects bacteria |
| active viruses | viruses that immediately begin reproducing once in cell |
| hidden viruses | viruses that remain dormant for awhile before beginning to reproduce |
| AIDS virus | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; fatal, viral infectious disease that destroys immune system |
| host | organism that provides life for a parasite |
Combine with other sets
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