| Term | Definition |
|---|
| wild type | the normal phenotype for a character is called the ____ _______ |
| mutant phenotypes | traits that are alternatives to the wild type are called ________ _____ because they are due to alleles assumed to have originated as changes of the wild-type allele |
| linked genes | genes located on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together in genetic crosses are ________ ________ |
| genetic recombination | the production of offspring with combinations of traits differing from those found in either parent |
| parental types | when half the offspring inheritd a phenotype that matches one of the parental phenotypes |
| recombinant types; recombinants | when offspring have new combinations of phenotype, they are called _______ __________, or __________ |
| genetic map | an ordered list of the genetic loci along with a particular chromosome |
| linkage map | a genetic map based on recombination frequencies is specifically called a ______ ______ |
| map units | defining one map unit as equivalent to a 1% recombination frequency |
| cytogenetic maps | locate genes with respect to chromosomal feature, such as stained bands |
| sex-linked gene | a gene located on either sex chromsome is called a ___-_____ _____ |
| Duchenne muscular dystrophy | affects about 1 in 3500 males is is characterized by a progressive weakening of the muscles and loss of coordination (hint: what kind of dystrophy?) |
| Hemophilia | sex-linked recessive disorder defined by the absence of one or more proteins required for blood clotting |
| Barr body | an inactive X in each cell of a female ondenses into a compact objet called a ____ ______, which lies along the inside of the nuclear envelope |
| nondisjunction | the meiotic spindle distributes chromosomes to daughter cells without error, but sometimes a ______________ occurs, in which the members of a pair of homologous chromosomes don't moave apart properly during meiosis I; or sister chromatids fail to separate during meiosis II |
| aneuploidy | if either of the aberrant gametes unites with a normal one at fertilization, the offspring will have an abnormal number of a particular chromosome, a condition called _________ |
| trisomic | if a chromosome is present in triplicate in the fertilized egg, the aneuploid cell is said to be _____ for that chromosome |
| monosomic | if a chromosome is missing the aneuploid cell, it is ________ for that chromosome |
| polyploidy | some organisms have more than two complete chromosome sets, called ________ |
| deletion | a ________ occurs when a chromosomal fragment lacking a centromere is lost. the affected chromosome is then missing certain genes |
| duplication | in some cases, if meiosis is in progress, a "deleted" fragment may become attached as an extra segment to a sister chromatid, producing a ___________ |
| inverse | a chromosomal fragment may also reattach to the original chromosome, but in the reverse orientation, producing an _________ |
| translocation | a fourth possible result of chromosomal breakage is for the fragment to join a non-homologous chromosome, a rearrangement called a _____________ |
| Klinefelter syndrome | an extra X chromosome in a male (XXY) produces the disorder called ________ ___________, where male have sex organs, but the testes are abnormally small and the man is sterile |
| genomic imprinting | variation in phenotype depends on whether an allele is inherited from the male or female parent |
Combine with other sets
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