Bio 180 Chapter 27

5 Written Questions

1. the independent evolution of analogous traits in distantly related organisms due to adaptation to similar environments and a similar way of life
2. a diagram that depicts the evolutionary history of a group of species and the relationships among them
3. the average rate of low-level extinction that has occurred continuously throughout much of evolutionary history
4. any trace of an organism that existed in the past
5. a trait found in ancestors

5 Matching Questions

1. Mass extinction
2. Fauna
3. Precambarian
4. Parsimony
5. Derived trait

1. a all the animals characteristic of a particular region, period, or environment
2. b a trait that is clearly homologous with a trait found in an ancestor, but which has a new form
3. c the logical principle that the most likely explanation of a phenomenon is the most economical or simplest
4. d the interval between the formation of the Earth, about 4.6 billion years ago, and the appearance of most animal groups about 542 million years ago
5. e the extinction of a large number of diverse evolutionary groups during a relatively short period of geologic time

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. the evolutionary history of a group of organisms
   1. Parsimony
   2. Phylogeny
   3. Homology
   4. Homoplasy
2. a type of fossil, formed when the decay of a body part leaves a void that is then filled with minerals that later harden
   1. Fauna
   2. Cast
   3. Node
   4. Tip
3. the end of a branch on a phylogenetic tree
   1. Node
   2. Tip
   3. Niche
   4. Cast
4. all of the fossils that have been found anywhere on Earth and that have been formally described in the scientific literature
   1. Fossil
   2. Fossil record
   3. Cenozoic era
   4. Homology
5. a part of a phylogenetic tree that represents populations through time
   1. Fauna
   2. Niche
   3. Cast
   4. Branch

5 True/False Questions

1. Paleozoic era → the interval of geologic time, from 542 million to 251 million years ago, during which fungi, land plants, and animals first appeared and diversified

   True        False

2. Adaptive radiation → a trait that is clearly homologous with a trait found in an ancestor, but which has a new form

   True        False

3. Mesozoic era → the most recent interval of geologic time, beginning 65.5 mill years ago

   True        False

4. Homoplasy → similarity among organisms of different species due to their inheritance from a common ancestor

   True        False

5. Cladistic approach → a method for constructing a phylogenetic tree that is based on identifying the unique traits of each monophyletic group

   True        False