Microbes and Biotechnology F.4 Objectives
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Created by:
yeaitwasme on February 3, 2012
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4 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 F.4.1 Explain the use of Saccharomyces in the production of beer, wine and bread. | • Beer • Sweet liquid wort is made from malt • Hops are added and liquid is boiled and cooled • Wetted barley allowed to germinate: amlyase is formed. • Amylase catalyses starch into maltose. • Fermentation by yeast produces beer containing ethanol and CO2 • Wine • Crushed grapes and yeast are put into a tank • Yeasts respirate aerobically until oxygen is depleted • The yeasts then switch to fermentation (anaerobic) • Ethanol stays in the tank, while CO2 escapes • Process ends when ethanol concentration reaches ax. 15%, killing the yeast, or when substrates have been used up. • Bread • Fermentation of sugars in the dough by yeast • CO2 makes the dough rise • Baking in the oven kills the yeast, stops fermentation and evaporates the ethanol |
| F.4.2 Outline the production of soy sauce using Aspergillus oryzae. | • Soak soy beans, boil and drain • Mix a mash of soy beans with toasted wheat • Add a culture Aspergillus oryzae • Incubate for 3 days at 30°C • Add salt and water and fermentation of starch and proteins to alcohol, organic acids, sugars and amino acids occurs for 3-6 months. • Filter and pasteurize; liquid produced is the soy sauce product. |
| F.4.3 Explain the use of acids and high salt or sugar concentrations in food preservation. | • Food preservation with acid: • Microbes cannot live in low pH levels • Common examples include vinegar and production of yoghurt. • Food preservation with high sugar/salt concentrations: • high concentrations of either will kill any microbes in food samples, since the high concentration draws out water through osmosis. • Common examples include honey, jam, salted meat. |
| F.4.4 Outline the symptoms, method of transmissions and treatment of one named example of food poisoning. | • Transmission of Salmonella food poisoning • Lives in the intestinal tract and is transmitted after ineffective hand washing • Can be found in the feces of some pets and be transferred to food • Eating contaminated foods not properly cooked • Uncooked meat cut on a cutting board which if not washed can cause transfer of Salmonella • Raw eggs • Treatment of Salmonella food poisoning • Treat the dehydration by drinking lots of water • Serious dehydration is treated with intravenous • Antibiotics can be given if the infection is serious and has spread from intestine to the blood |
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