Ch 12 vocab
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Created by:
Carlieleanne on May 23, 2009
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79 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 adenoids | lymphatic tissue in nasopharynx |
| alveolus (alveoli) | air sac in the lung |
| apex up the lung | tip or uppermost portion of the lung |
| base of the lung | lower portion of the lung |
| bronchioles | smallest branches of the bronchi |
| bronchus (bronchi) | branch of the trachea that is a passageway inbto the lung; bronchial tube |
| carbon dioxide | gas produced by body cells when oxygen and food combine |
| cilia | thin hairs attached to the mucous membrane of the epithelium lining of the respiratory tract |
| diaphragm | muscle separating the chest and abdomen |
| epiglottis | lid-like piece of cartilage that covers the larynx, preventing food from entering the larynx and trachea during swallowing |
| expiration | breathing out (exhalation) |
| glottis | slit-like opening to the larynx |
| hilum (of the lung) | midline region where th bronchi, blood vessels and nerves enter and exits the lungs |
| inspiration | breathing in (inhalation) |
| larynx | voice box; containing the vocal cords |
| lobe | division of a lung |
| mediastinum | region between the lungs in the chest cavity |
| nares | openings through the nose carrying air into the nasal cavities |
| oxygen (O2) | gas that passes into the bloodsteam at the lungs and travels to all body cells |
| palatine tonsil | one of a pair of almond shaped masses of lymphatic tissue in the oropharynx |
| parietal pluera | outer fold of pleura lying closer to the ribs and chest wall |
| pharnx | thoat; including the nasopharynx, oropharynx and larnygopharynx |
| pleura | double folded membrane surrounding each lung |
| pulmonary parenchyma | essential parts of the lung, responsible for respiration; bronchioles and alveoli |
| respiration | process of moving air into and out of the lungs; breathing |
| trachea | windpipe |
| visceral pleura | inner fold of pleura lying closer to the lung tissue |
| auscultation | listening to sounds within the body |
| percussion | tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure |
| rale | fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation when there is fluid in the alveoli |
| rhonchus (rhonchi) | loud rumbling sound heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum |
| stridor | strained, high pitched, relatively loud sound made on inspiration |
| wheeze | continuous high-pitched whistling sound heard when air is forced through a narrow space |
| croup | acute viral infection in infants and children |
| diptheria | acute infection of the troat and upper respiratory tract caused by the diptheria bacterium |
| epistaxis | nosebleed |
| pertussis | highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx and trachea |
| asthma | chronic inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction caused by bronchial edema |
| bronchiectasis | chronic dilation of a bronchus secondary to infection in the lower lobes of the lung |
| chronic bronchitis | inflammation of the bronchi persisting over a long time |
| cystic fibrosis | inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick, mucous secretions that do not drain normally |
| atelectasis | incomplete expansion of alveoli; collapsed, functionless, airless lung |
| emphysema | hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls |
| lung cancer | malignant tumor rising from the lungs and bronchi |
| pneumoconiosis | abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs, with chronic inflammation, infection and bronchitis |
| pneumonia | acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus |
| pulmonary abscess | a large collection of pus in the lungs |
| pulmonary edema | swelling and fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles |
| pulmonary embolism | clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lungs |
| pulmonary fibrosis | formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs |
| sarcoidosis | chronic inflammatory disease of unknown cause in which small nodules or tubercles develop in thelungs |
| tuberculosis (TB) | infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| pleural effusion | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space |
| pleurisy | inflammation of the pleura |
| pneumothorax | collection of air scas in the pleural space |
| antrocosis | coal dust accumulation in the lungs |
| asbestosis | asbestos particles accumulate in the lungs |
| bacilli (bacillus) | rod-shaped bacteria |
| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | chronic condition of persistent obstruction of air flow through bronchial tubes and lungs |
| hydrothorax | collection of fluid in the pleural cavity |
| paroxysmal | pertaining to a sudden occurence, such as a spasm or seizure |
| pulmonary infarction | occurence of necrotic tissue in the lungs |
| purulent | containing pus |
| chest x-ray (CXR) | radiographic image on the thoracic cavity |
| computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest | computer-generated x-ray images show thoracic structures in cross section |
| magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the chest | magnetic waves create detailed images of the chest in frontal, lateral and cross section planes |
| positron emission tomography (PET) scan of the lung | radioactive substance is injected and images reveal metobolic activity in the lung |
| ventilation-perfussion (V/Q) scan | detection device records radioactivity in the lung after injection of a radiosotope or inhalation of small radioactive gas |
| bronchoscopy | fiberoptic or rigid endoscope inserted into the bronchial tubes |
| endotracheal intubation | placement of a tube through the mouth into the pharynx, larynx and trachea to establish an airway |
| laryngoscopy | visual examination of the voice box |
| lung biopsy | removal of lung tissue followed by microscopic examination |
| pulmonary function tests (PFT's) | tests that measure the ventilation mechanics of the lung |
| thoracentesis | surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pleural space |
| thoracotomy | major surgical incision of the chest |
| thoracoscopy | visual examination of the chest via small incisions and use of an endoscope |
| tracheostomy | surgical creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck |
| tuberculin test | determines past or present tuberculous infection based on a positive skin test |
| tube thoracostomy | chest tube is passed through an opeing in the skin of the chest to continuously drain a pleural effusion |
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